The purpose of this project is to examine the long-term operational viability of wave-energy harvesting systems from a Civil and Environmental Engineering perspective. The project focuses on identifying structural and environmental challenges - including cyclic and extreme wave loading, erosion, saltwater corrosion, and biofouling—that impact system longevity. Understanding these challenges is essential for advancing wave-energy technologies toward sustainable, long-term deployment.

In this project, besides reviewing literature on wave energy systems and marine infrastructure, several fundamental equations are used to illustrate fatigue mechanisms under periodic and extreme wave loading, erosion, and the influence of surface conditions (biofouling) on flow behavior and system performance. These analyses are performed based on mechanical principles, integrating fatigue theory, hydraulic loading, and surface roughness effects. Biofouling is not considered a barrier but rather a surface condition that may reduce system efficiency; its underlying processes are also examined to identify potential control measures. This research suggests that failures in wave energy harvesting systems arise from interacting structural and environmental factors operating in recurring cycles over long periods, underscoring the need for integrated engineering solutions.

The project hypothesizes that a thorough understanding of biofouling processes, combined with effective structural design strategies, can minimize the impact of biofouling on flow behavior and structural loading. This integrated approach underscores the importance of considering both mechanical and environmental processes in the design of marine energy systems. The research results aim to guide future research directions focusing on sustainable, long-lasting wave energy structures, contributing to the broader effort toward the deployment of clean, renewable energy.