Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A5]

Systemic Exposure to Microplastics and Disruption of Gut Microbiota

Presenter: Sofia Melissa Szumski

Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir

School: Springfield Technical Community College

Research Area: Environmental Science and Sustainability

ABSTRACT

Microplastics (MPs) are now found everywhere on Earth including the air, water and soil which has negative impacts on the environment and human health. They are defined as small plastic particles which are less than 5 mm in size and are currently considered as one of the top environmental pollutants. The dilemma is that plastic is used in every sector of the world and is inappropriately dumped leading to human exposure. The objective of this research is to explore why and how MP’s are harmful to human physiology. A scientific literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Microplastics enter the body through nasal, dermal, and oral routes and have been shown to accumulate in all organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. Because of its nature to persist in the tissue it remains in the gut for extended periods. In addition to this, MPs have been identified to stick to harmful environmental pollutants and heavy metals. There is extensive data that indicates the role of gut microbiota in regulating metabolic processes, immune system defense, neurological function, and overall homeostasis. The repeated exposure to MPs disturbs the sensitive microbiota in our gut. The altered microbiota compromises the gut’s role as an immune barrier and a regulatory organ, contributing to inflammation and chronic disease. MPs have now been reported in breast milk, testicles, and the placenta, confirming its systemic nature and infant exposure. Given the increasing ubiquitous presence of emerging MPs and associated pollutants, deciphering its effect on gut microbiome is vital to protect human health and advocate for regulatory measures. 

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