Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A7]

Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Emerging Human Health Stressors

Presenter: Aechmia Cote

Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir

School: Springfield Technical Community College

Research Area: Biology

ABSTRACT

Microplastics (< 5mm) and Nanoplastics (<1 µm) (MNPs) were originally considered as external environmental contaminants are now found in all human tissues, prompting a paradigm shift from environmental health issue to internal human tissue exposure and effects. It is alarming to note its presence in blood, lungs, gut, placenta, vascular plaques, and brain tissue, showing exposure, intake through ingestion and inhalation with systemic distribution in tissues. This research investigates MNP types, distribution and effects in the body by using a literature review in ScienceDirect database. Research shows that MNP polymers such as polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene circulate in the bloodstream. It is concerning that the placental detection indicates potential adverse effects in fetal development and intergenerational transfer. Its presence in lungs has been correlated to inflammation, vascular plaques to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke, in brain to neuroinflammation and gut to inflammatory bowel disease. Data indicates that MNPs trigger the oxidative stress response and disrupt cell membranes. This leads to the inflammatory response and alters signaling pathways. Its toxicity varies with particle size, composition, and other associated chemical additives. It is surprising that despite data, direct causal links between MNP and specific chronic diseases is still unclear. This research presents an exposome to mechanism framework emphasizing nano-scale particle behavior, biomolecular corona formation, endothelial interactions, and immune modulation as key  factors of health risk. Future research must address these gaps in knowledge in order to evaluate the long-term health risks and develop an evidence based public health policy in a world where MNPs are ubiquitous.

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