Currently, catheters utilize hydrogel coatings, which are created by the hydrophilic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) due to its ability to create surface hydration that limits bacterial adherence. However, even hydrogels can be colonized with bacteria, raising concerns of increased risks of patients contracting bacterial infections. This study hypothesizes that dopamine will self-polymerize into polydopamine (PDA) coatings that self-adheres to a wide range of materials, including hydrogels, while also enabling the immobilization of small molecules for antibacterial usage. PDA is a molecule bioinspired from the DOPA protein found in mussels, where its abundant functional groups enhance its ability to adhere to a wide range of surfaces, even underwater. 

Scientists have also observed a rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, highlighting our increasing need for greener antimicrobials. Oregano oil is able to render cell membranes of bacteria to be more permeable, resulting in the death of the bacterial cell due to leakage of molecules and ions. The swap to these natural molecules is more ideal and safe for human health applications. Since this study has just started, we will first study the antibacterial efficacy of oregano oil using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Next, we will explore if PDA can immobilize oregano oil on glass surfaces, serving as both a model surface for attachment and release studies, as well as for antimicrobial testing of the immobilized oils. Long-lasting antimicrobial coatings are also needed on a wide range of high-touch surfaces that include glass. Ultimately, this project will pave the way for biomaterials, providing a sustainable alternative to the reliance on antibiotics.