The rapid electrification of transportation is transforming electric vehicles from passive energy consumers into potential grid assets through Vehicle to Grid participation. While most prior research focuses on passenger vehicles, heavy duty electric trucks represent a largely untapped opportunity. With battery capacities that often exceed 600 kWh and predictable depot-based schedules, truck fleets could provide significant grid support during peak demand and contribute to peak shaving. However, these batteries are high value assets, and uncertainty surrounding accelerated degradation remains a major barrier to adoption.

This research develops a model to evaluate the impacts of Vehicle to Grid participation on battery degradation for heavy duty electric truck fleets. A semi empirical lithium-ion State of Health model is adapted to reflect truck specific characteristics, including annual energy throughput, battery chemistry and material considerations, as well as pack oversizing and thermal management. Multiple operational scenarios are simulated, including baseline depot charging, fast DC charging, constrained

grid support, and economically optimized dispatch. The study aims to quantify how charging strategies, state of charge limits, and utilization patterns influence long term battery health and potential grid participation.

By linking battery degradation modeling with fleet level economic feasibility, this work seeks to provide one of the first structured feasibility assessments of large-scale truck-based Vehicle to Grid integration. The results establish a methodology for evaluating degradation-aware integration of heavy-duty electric truck fleets into future power systems.