The Role of Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease

Presenter: Maleika A. Boyd

Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir

School: Springfield Technical Community College

Research Area: Biological Organisms

Session: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM, Auditorium, A4

ABSTRACT

Epigenetics is to how the environment influences gene expression fueling the age old ‘Nature or Nurture’ debate. Through chemical mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA directed silencing, certain genes are turned on or off for several generations. This will affect protein translation and hence cell function. The objective of this research poster is to study the role of such modifications in human health and disease management by using a systematic review of research papers published in the last 5 years. The findings show that epigenetic changes may affect a diverse range of human diseases such as cancers, autoimmune, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s, metabolic diseases such as diabetes, and even psychiatric disorders. The common environmental factors are diet, exercise, stress, pollutants, and lifestyle choices over several generations. Some recent discoveries in epigenetic therapies called DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors are effective management methods for disease treatment and prevention. Other studies suggest that lifestyle changes in diet, exercise, and stress management techniques can even restore the optimal epigenetic condition. Another innovative option is to create a custom treatment plan depending on the patient’s unique epigenetic architecture to influence the correct gene expression for optimal health. Further research should focus on understanding and correcting the specific molecular mechanisms  involved in developing effective treatments for diseases.

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