Cellular Impacts of Air Pollution

Presenter: Ousama Alsaidahmad

Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir

School: Springfield Technical Community College

Research Area: Biological Organisms

Session: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM, Auditorium, A15

ABSTRACT

The growing air pollution in the world has raised the concern of increased cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, and in some cases cancer. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 18th century, air quality has gradually decreased. This paper will discuss the cellular impact of air pollution on human lung cells. The possible ways air pollution can impact human lung cells is by initiating our immune response such as causing inflammation. It also causes mitochondrial malfunction, and DNA damage. Research shows that inhaling air pollutants mainly particulate matter and volatile organic compounds initiate chronic inflammation and affect the normal cell signaling pathways. This is followed by an increase in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. It further affects mitochondrial function which leads to cell death. Other effects include DNA methylation and histone changes that alter gene expression leading to disease and cancer. They further destroy stem cells and stop lung tissue regeneration which accelerates tissue aging. Our knowledge of these cellular damages will guide us to develop effective disease management plans.  Further, the use of gene altering tools like CRISPR which can reverse the epigenetic molecular mechanisms looks promising. An effective system to purify air indoors is the use of high-efficiency particulate air filters in our homes and cars. This technique traps airborne particles effectively. Some of the other changes that are encouraged to decrease air pollution and improve respiratory health are to advocate for renewable energy changes, use public transportation and switching to electric vehicles.


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