A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Efficacy of the Elevation Training Mask in Simulating Altitude Training

 


Presenter: Noah J. Galeota

Faculty Sponsor: Jason Gillis

School: Salem State University

Research Area: Sports and Exercise Science + Physiology

Session: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM, Auditorium, A45

ABSTRACT

Background: Altitude training enhances athletic performance by increasing red blood cell production, improving oxygen transport. However, traditional altitude training is costly and inaccessible. Elevation Training Masks (ETMs) are marketed as an alternative, claiming to replicate hypoxic effects by restricting airflow. Despite their popularity, their effectiveness compared to altitude is unclear, with some studies suggesting ETMs primarily act as purely respiratory training devices without hematological adaptations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the impact of ETMs on physical performance and assess their effectiveness. Methods: This SRM follows PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches are underway in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria consist of randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized trials, and crossover designs involving adult participants. Studies must compare ETMs to non-mask conditions and assess outcomes related to cardiorespiratory fitness. Data extraction follows the Cochrane Data Collection Framework, and study quality is assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The Metafor package in R will be used for statistical analysis, applying fixed- or random-effects models. Results: Data collection is ongoing, with completion anticipated before the upcoming conference. A comprehensive synthesis of findings will be presented to determine whether ETMs provide meaningful performance benefits or primarily serve as respiratory muscle training devices. Conclusion: This study will clarify whether ETMs effectively simulate altitude training or function solely as inspiratory muscle resistance devices. Findings will guide athletes, coaches, and researchers in understanding the potential applications and limitations of ETMs in training regimens.

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