This thesis aims to demonstrate how global pressure of the WTO’s TRIPS Agreement reshaped India’s pharmaceutical industry. This institutional shift, a key feature of neoliberal globalization, led to narrowed access to affordable, life-saving medicines and revealed the profound injustices embedded within the structure of global governance. Globalization, and thereby WTO-driven patent regimes, consistently disregard health and human rights in the Third World. The poorest members in society are left to bear the largest burden. India’s strong generic industry once served as a model and supplier for the developing world. The country’s success was marked by its ability to legally reverse-engineer patented drugs via process patents, which led to unprecedented price reductions, most famously demonstrated by ARVs supplying that transformed the global HIV/AIDS crisis. The amendments to the 1970s Patents Act paved the way for the decline of India’s pharmaceutical industry. The inherent power dynamic embedded in institutions like the WTO, which were effectively designed and advocated for by the global north, caused India to lose its generic drug flexibility to corporate greed. Cases like the Novartis Glivec patent rejection and the COVID-19 vaccine inequality are reminders that access to essential technology comes second to monetary gain for the West. India’s struggle under TRIPS is a reminder that global rules are simply policy choices.