Dementia is a neurocognitive syndrome with a characteristic decline in thinking, memory, language, and the inability to function with daily activities independently. It is mostly associated with memory loss, unable to think clearly, staying focused, and finding the correct words. Early detection and diagnosis are important for patient care, early intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Symptoms may be missed because they can resemble normal aging, which can delay diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study is to explore how providers use the Mental Status Examination (MSE) to detect early cognitive and behavioral changes through a systematic literature review in PubMed. This clinical assessment evaluates the patient's emotions, behaviors, speech, and thinking. It consists of questioning and observing the patient's memory, attention, speech, mood and orientation. Patients with early signs of dementia may struggle with short term memory, responding in a timely manner, confusion, and difficulty paying attention. Not only is the MSE used, but a detailed examination of the patient's history plays a critical role in assessing the early cognitive abnormalities for earlier intervention and management. Another popular tool used is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) which is commonly used as a brief cognitive screening tool. The MSE is more comprehensive compared to the MMSE. When used together, a greater and more accurate assessment occurs and allows a correct diagnosis and treatment plan for patients.