Biology
Microbe-Influencers: How Microbes Have Influenced Beauty Standards Around The World
Presenter: Chelsea Rose Scanlon
Faculty Sponsor: Jean Kennedy
School: Quinsigamond Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 1, 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM: Campus Center Auditorium [A1]

Beauty standards have evolved widely across cultures and historical periods, influenced by social norms, aesthetic ideals, and biological factors. One intriguing aspect is how interactions with microorganisms have shaped beauty practices from ancient times to the modern era. 

For instance, in ancient Egypt, kohl eyeliner served aesthetic purposes and provided antimicrobial benefits, protecting eyes from infections. In early Europe, powder-based cosmetics indicated elite status while masking body odor and covering signs of diseases like syphilis and smallpox. The romanticization of tuberculosis led to a resurgence of pale skin and emaciated looks. In Japan, Ohaguro, or teeth blackening, was considered beautiful and a sign of loyalty until Western ideas deemed it uncivilized, eventually leading to its ban in 1870.

In Africa, ochre served both decorative and insect-repellent purposes, highlighting how beauty practices evolved with environmental challenges. In the United States, early weight-loss methods exploited tapeworms, intertwining beauty norms with health risks.

Today, contemporary standards continue to be informed by microbiology, as demonstrated by the cosmetic use of Clostridium botulinum, known as Botox. These examples show that beauty is not just a social effort; it is influenced by our interactions with microorganisms. This highlights the biological complexities that shape our ideas of beauty over time and across cultures.

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Microbes and Microplastics: How Microplastics Affect Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Presenter: Rachael Speckhard
Faculty Sponsor: Opeyemi Odewale
School: Quinsigamond Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 1, 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM: Campus Center Auditorium [A6]

The spread of both microplastics and antibiotics is a growing concern in part because of their effect on the bacteria that encounter these pollutants. Both individually and combined, microplastics and antibiotics increase antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations. The full effect and mechanisms of how microplastics increase resistance is still being researched. In this review, we gathered data from a variety of published studies to find the most probable reasons microplastics are increasing antibiotic resistance. Due to the immense variety in microplastics, there is no one distinct answer. Often, microplastic properties allow for the adsorption of antibiotics and/or attraction of bacteria. The concentrations of the antibiotics adsorbed are non-lethal, which may cause the bacteria to exhibit a stress response, such as the SOS response. This could cause mutations that create antibiotic resistance genes within the bacteria’s genome. Attracted bacteria often form biofilms on microplastics' surfaces, and some studies suggest that microplastics even naturally select for bacteria that form strong biofilms. Biofilms have previously been shown to increase antibiotic resistance of bacteria through their own structure and through the increased amount of horizontal gene transfer that biofilms encourage. Despite multiple possibilities on how, microplastics increase antibiotic resistance. A consequence of microplastics and antibiotics in our environment could be reduced antibiotic effectiveness for medical treatments. Further studies are needed to determine how bacterial colonization of microplastics affects the human body when consumed.

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Your Microbial Mixtape: How Music, Your Social Network, and the Ethnic Background Your Gut-Microbiome
Presenter: Emma Jin Dattis
Faculty Sponsor: Opeyemi Odewale
School: Quinsigamond Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 1, 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM: Campus Center Auditorium [A13]

The microorganisms that reside the body—specifically in the gut region—are collectively known as the human gut microbiota. This vast and complex community, made up of trillions of microbes, plays a crucial role in supporting and maintaining overall health. It is unsurprising that this gut-microbiome is easily influenced by many external factors, including more commonly known and powerful factors such as diet, lifestyle, medications such as antibiotics, and environmental factors which in turn affect physical and emotional activity. However, there are other, lesser-known external factors that people interact with daily can also influence the gut-microbiome in the same ways more powerful factors do. Ever wonder why certain music can boost one’s mood, or why the people a person interacts with more seem to resemble them, or even why people of the same ethnic background, even while in the same geographical location, are so different from one another? These questions have scientific answers, and these answers have to do with a person’s easily influenced gut-microbiome. Three surprising external factors — music exposure, a person’s social networks, and ethnic background — can significantly shape an individual’s gut-microbiome by increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria, ultimately influencing digestion, immune function, and even mental health. Together, they highlight that the gut-microbiome is not just shaped by diet and genetics alone, but is also deeply connected to cultural, social, and environmental experiences, emphasizing the complex relationship between lifestyle and human health. 

Comparative Genomic Analysis of the SAPK-Interacting Protein 1 Gene: Evolutionary Conservation in Drosophila obscura and Drosophila Melanogaster
Presenter: Jok Mayak Leet
Faculty Sponsor: Jessica Crowley
School: Quinsigamond Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 1, 10:30 AM - 11:15 AM: Campus Center Auditorium [A19]

Signaling pathways play a critical role in regulating metabolism, cell growth, and survival of the organisms. To understand how the proteins involved in these pathways function efficiently, it is important to examine how the genes that encode them have been conserved or evolved. This project aims to evaluate evolutionary changes in the SAPK-interacting protein 1 (sin1) gene in Drosophila obscura, using Drosophila melanogaster as the reference. This will be achieved by annotating the sin1 gene in Drosophila obscura using bioinformatics tools, USCS Genome Browser, and NCBI BLAST, to explore the genomic neighborhood, introns and exons, coding regions, and untranslated regions, and comparing these features with those of the sin1 gene in the well-annotated Drosophila melanogaster to determine evolutionary differences and similarities between these two species. This research will contribute to understanding how genes encoding pathway proteins have been conserved across species. Understanding genetic conservation in these Drosophila species is important, as it may help scientists gain insights into how the same genetic information has been conserved over time in humans and other organisms. This project is part of the Genomic Education Partnership (GEP) Pathways Project, an NSF/NIH-supported community of faculty and institutions that employs Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) to teach bioinformatics and genomics.

Stress Busters: How Your Nervous System Hacks Your Mood
Presenter: EUNICE ADDAE-WUSU
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A1]

The objective of this study was to understand how stress affects our mood by using both autonomic and neuroendocrine systems which work together as a single system. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activates when people experience stress which results in different cortisol patterns. The body creates irregular cortisol patterns because of prolonged stress which increases the risk for people to develop mood disorders. This research indicates the differences between short-term adaptive stress responses and long-term stress-related physiological dysregulation. The autonomic system regulates emotional control by maintaining a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic system activities. The heart-rate variability which shows parasympathetic activity has a positive relationship with emotional regulation skills, but sympathetic dominance causes people to become more anxious and irritable. Research conducted in controlled environments shows that behavioral interventions which include paced breathing and mindfulness practices, physical exercise, sleep improvement and social connection help people manage their stress levels and their mood better. This is through modifications in autonomic function, inflammatory responses, and neurotransmitter systems including GABAergic and dopaminergic pathways. The research synthesis reveals critical steps which indicate that using multiple stress management techniques will lead to better physiological flexibility and improved mental health. These findings show that stress management methods can help with mental health treatment and prevention programs. When doctors and clinicians study the autonomic system and the neuroendocrine system, they can help people deal with stress. They can also help people manage emotions and lower the chance of mood problems.

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Impact of Air Pollution on Human Lung Cell Biology: Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Presenter: Kyle Justin Allwood
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A2]

Air pollution is one of the major environmental threats that compromises human health. The increase in air pollution due to burning fossil fuels is correlated to increasing respiratory diseases worldwide. The particulate matter and gaseous pollutants can infiltrate the lungs and exert direct effects on the pleural epithelial lining. At the cell level, these pollutants affect normal cell metabolism through triggering the immune response through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and inflammation. In the long term, these cell metabolic alterations could lead to chronic respiratory problems such as asthma and COPD. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of air pollutants on the molecular and cell biology of lung epithelial cells. This research was done through a systematic literature reviews of peer-reviewed research papers from PubMed. Studies showed that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) resulted in an increase in ROS production. This increase was 30% to 60% more compared to non-exposed cells. It also elevated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), from two to four-fold. The repeated pollutant exposure lead to decreased lung epithelial cell viability by up to 25%. They enter the cells by the process of endocytosis and deter mitochondrial function. This is accompanied by an increase in ROS and activation of the redox signaling pathways, including NF-κB, which then leads to activation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Further research is needed to decipher these mechanisms to design effective treatment. We also need effective governmental policies for reducing air pollution to protect public health.

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Mechanisms of Kidney Damage Induced by Water Contaminants
Presenter: Sacha Vazquez
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A3]

Optimal kidney function is necessary for maintaining homeostasis in the body, however, its function is increasingly threatened by contaminants in the environment, especially drinking water. Poor water quality is known to harm kidney health, but the exact cellular and physiological mechanisms through which common pollutants cause damage are poorly understood. The objective of this research was to explore the ways that prevalent waterborne pollutants such as heavy metals and organic chemicals compromise renal homeostasis. The methodology was a systematic review of recent peer-reviewed articles from PubMed. Key pollutants such as cadmium, arsenic, and nitrates harm the kidneys by causing oxidative stress, triggering programmed cell death (apoptosis), and tissue scarring, which contributes directly to kidney dysfunction and disease. In a study conducted in 2025, it was found that retinoic acid (RA) protected kidney cells from cadmium. It worked by blocking the “executioner” enzyme (caspase-3) in a new way that did not involve the usual RA receptors.  A range of damage was observed (from necrosis to fibrosis), and a precise way was identified to stop one major type of damage (apoptosis from cadmium). This research connects specific contaminant exposures to risk for kidney dysfunction and possibly pointed to ways to reduce their health risk. Analysis confirmed that water contaminants compromise renal homeostasis through specific, overlapping mechanisms, primarily apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The results provided evidence that environmental exposure directly causes changes at the cellular level. These findings help shift the focus from observational associations to underlying biological mechanisms.

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Pesticide Exposure and Its Impact on the Human Nervous System
Presenter: Molly Jane Gallagher
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A4]


Pesticides were developed to deter agricultural pests and have contributed significantly to increased crop yields and the expansion of modern agriculture that we see today. However, their widespread use has also resulted in unintended adverse effects on human health. Many broad- spectrum pesticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, and organochlorines, consist of chemical compounds that lack pest specificity, leading to collateral harm to plants, microbes, animals, and humans. Pesticides can move from a targeted source to a non-target organism through environmental factors such as rain and runoff. Scientific research indicates that exposure to these chemicals disrupts human neurological function, often resulting in long-term irreversible damage. This systematic literature review studies the relationship between the widely used pesticides and their impact on the nervous system. It focuses on effects on common degenerative neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s. It further covers effects on developmental delays and neurological behavioral disorders such as autism, depression, and anxiety. The key modes of action are acetylcholinesterase inhibition, sodium channel disruption, GABA receptor blockage, and oxidative stress induction that are often persistent and not easily reversible. Sharing this information will help promote more effective regulatory policies that prevent environmental and neurological damage and support remedial efforts to address existing pollutants. Future research should focus on environmentally and human health friendly natural pesticides. This research also addresses the mode of action of chemicals within pesticides on neurological function and examines ways to prevent pesticide-related harm.

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Using CRISPR to Engineer Drought-Resistant Crops for a Changing Climate
Presenter: Brody Robbins
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A6]

Drought adversely impacts agricultural crops since it leads to water stress that affects photosynthesis and plant growth leading to reduced yields threatening food security. To address this, biotechnological techniques such as genome editing and microbial interventions are used to help plants adapt to drought stress. This literature review in Nature, highlights the understanding we have of the molecular and biochemical responses that support a plant’s tolerance of drought. Other molecular defense mechanisms such as changes in regulatory genes, transcription factors, stress-responsive pathways, and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Cas-9 (CRISPR associated protein) gene editing for drought tolerance was studied. When a plant is subject to drought stress it severely reduces photosynthesis mainly due to stomatal closure and reduced carbon fixation. This affects the water balance and causes oxidative damage through increased reactive oxygen species. Abscisic acid signaling is the main regulator causing stomatal closure that turns on stress responsive genes to conserve water. CRISPR Cas-9 genome editing technology has been a valuable tool to develop drought resistant properties by targeting genes involved in water-use efficiency, root development, and stress hormone signaling. Another method that is widely used is promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae that improve water and nutrient uptake by changing the root architecture. Addressing drought stress needs a multifaceted approach and involves advanced knowledge of how a crop responds to drought at a molecular level. Molecular biology has helped in understanding these processes, while microbial-based interventions show the potential for integrated strategies to improve crop resilience in the future.

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Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Emerging Human Health Stressors
Presenter: Aechmia Cote
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A7]

Microplastics (< 5mm) and Nanoplastics (<1 µm) (MNPs) were originally considered as external environmental contaminants are now found in all human tissues, prompting a paradigm shift from environmental health issue to internal human tissue exposure and effects. It is alarming to note its presence in blood, lungs, gut, placenta, vascular plaques, and brain tissue, showing exposure, intake through ingestion and inhalation with systemic distribution in tissues. This research investigates MNP types, distribution and effects in the body by using a literature review in ScienceDirect database. Research shows that MNP polymers such as polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene circulate in the bloodstream. It is concerning that the placental detection indicates potential adverse effects in fetal development and intergenerational transfer. Its presence in lungs has been correlated to inflammation, vascular plaques to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke, in brain to neuroinflammation and gut to inflammatory bowel disease. Data indicates that MNPs trigger the oxidative stress response and disrupt cell membranes. This leads to the inflammatory response and alters signaling pathways. Its toxicity varies with particle size, composition, and other associated chemical additives. It is surprising that despite data, direct causal links between MNP and specific chronic diseases is still unclear. This research presents an exposome to mechanism framework emphasizing nano-scale particle behavior, biomolecular corona formation, endothelial interactions, and immune modulation as key  factors of health risk. Future research must address these gaps in knowledge in order to evaluate the long-term health risks and develop an evidence based public health policy in a world where MNPs are ubiquitous.

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Bioengineering Cyanobacteria for Atmospheric C02 Reduction in Urban Areas
Presenter: Esias Valentin
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A9]

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microbes widely found in nearly all terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including soil, oceans, freshwater, and endolithic ecosystems. These organisms provide strong potential for Negative Emission Technologies (NETs) due to their natural ability to perform photosynthesis and carbon sequestration. Under nutrient-rich conditions, cyanobacteria can bloom rapidly, and under ideal laboratory environments their population can double within one to two days. This research reviews the innovative use of genetically altered cyanobacteria to reduce atmospheric CO2 in urban environments by following a literature review in Nature database. Although rapid growth can present challenges for scalability, modern biotechnology allows genetic modification to improve carbon fixation and population stability. CRISPR gene editing tools have been used in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to modify genes responsible for photosynthesis. These are rbcL for RuBisCO function, ccmM for carboxysome organization, and bicarbonate transporter genes such as bicA to improve growth and carbon sequestration. Research on artificial cocultures with heterotrophic partners was also reviewed to evaluate strategies for improved system stability and recycling of metabolic byproducts. Using these biological advances, photobioreactors could be implemented in urban settings to remove excess atmospheric CO₂ locally. Research indicates that under ideal conditions carbon fixation rates is around 1–2 g CO₂ m⁻² day⁻¹. This study also presents genetic and biological strategies in the context of building-integrated applications such as bioengineered walls and roofs. These systems may also provide UV protection, support energy efficiency, and allow harvested biomass to be converted into biofuels or bioplastics, supporting localized carbon reduction and circular resource use.

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Harnessing Algae for Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Biofuel Production
Presenter: Finley Ann Demakis
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A10]

As human industrial activity and overall presence continue to grow, the need for intervention in our sustainable energy practices becomes more apparent. Not only are we draining finite reserves of fossil fuels for power, we are concurrently jeopardizing the stability of Earth’s climate. The purpose of this research project is to examine the potential of algae to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and use as a biofuel. A systematic literature review was conducted in Nature and PubMed databases to study the latest scientific publications in this field. Some notable microalga species Nannochloropsis sp., Chlorella vulgaris, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were widely researched for biofuel production since 20-60% of their biomass is lipids. Their productivity is between 30-50 g/m²/day whereas for land crops it is merely 3 g/m²/day. Additionally, 1 kg of  alga can trap 1.6-1.8 kg of CO2 during growth. Genetic engineering and CRISPR editing of lipid synthesis genes such as DGAT (triacylglycerol synthesis) and ACC (fatty acid synthesis) has increased lipid content. In terms of carbon fixation as well, genetic modifications in genes LCIA (Low CO2 Inducible Protein A), and HLA3 (High Light Activated Protein 3) have enhanced the bicarbonate transport and increased CO2 fixation through photosynthesis. However, the main disadvantages when using algae for biofuel is the high cost of cultivation and extraction of biofuels. In conclusion, algae shows significant promise as a renewable energy source and a carbon mitigation strategy, but further technological improvements are required for large-scale application.


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Sweet Life: Insulin and Glucose Innovations
Presenter: Nanjilis D. Padin Santos
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A11]

This research explores the impact for diabetes management by the use of innovative technologies in clinal practice. These innovations focus on improving how insulin is delivered and how glucose can be monitored. By reviewing recent clinical studies and randomized trials in PubMed it was discovered that insulin pumps, modern insulin medications, like long-term and short-term acting insulin analogs plus continuous glucose monitoring systems significantly improves glycemic control in individuals with both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The way these technologies contribute is that they help with lowering HbA1c levels and reduce the frequency of hypoglycemic events. This is possible because of precise insulin dosage and real-time glucose data that supports timely clinical and patient decision-making. In addition, these studies demonstrate that this variation of tools that are used improves lowering the hemoglobin A1C levels by about 0.5-1.0% and a 37-38% reduction in hypoglycemia events accompanied with increased time-in-range and reduced glycemic variability. In addition, it brings more awareness to glucose monitoring for patients. It avoids the burden of frequent finger-stick testing and it minimizes the fluctuation of glucose in a patient, which improves their comfort and quality of life. The use of advanced insulin delivery technologies, including automated and hybrid closed-loop systems, provides greater flexibility and convenience, leading to improved patient satisfaction and treatment adherence. However, despite these benefits, these technologies are costly, and access remains limited for many patients. This can be due to many factors like insurance coverage, policies as well as socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Addressing these challenges can direct future research and updates on current policies. This will allow for broader access and can improve long-term and equitable outcomes for different populations of diabetic patients. 

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Anemia Avengers: Modern Interventions for Red Blood Cell Disorders
Presenter: Tina Liu
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A12]

Anemia is a blood disorder caused due to decreased numbers or malfunctions in Red Blood Cell (RBCs). This causes weakness, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Traditional anemia treatments offered only short-term relief of symptoms by blood transfusions and nutritional support which were not sustainable or efficient. The purpose of the study was to identify the recent innovative approaches that have been effective in the treatment of anemia that target the underlying pathophysiological processes. An extensive literature review of new research papers of high impact was conducted in Pubmed database. This research poster shows the recent advancements in treatment such as molecular therapies, hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers, and new erythropoiesis-enhancing agents. The success of gene editing by CRISPR-Cas9 biotechnology for hereditary sickle cell anemia and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia are notable. FDA has approved the CRISPR-Cas9 therapy (Casgevy) which edited the erythroid-specific enhancer of the BCL11A gene to reactivate the fetal hemoglobin production to restore red blood cell function. Other discoveries are hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers that increase the body's own erythropoietin secretion and enhance iron metabolism. We also have new erythropoiesis boosting medicines that increase red blood cell maturation and hemoglobin levels in a sustainable manner. In conclusion, these novel therapies have significantly improved the quality of life for anemia patients by reducing transfusion dependence and increasing RBC production. This is a paradigm shift in the management of anemia, providing robust molecular mechanism based therapies that improve the quality of life and lay the groundwork for an increasingly individualized approach to anemia management in the long term.

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Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 Enhances Cellular Salinity Tolerance in Wheat
Presenter: Jaliah Jada Vargas
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A13]

Soil salinity is a growing environmental concern that affecting crop yields globally. In wheat (Triticum aestivum) it severely limits productivity as it disrupts homeostasis, cellular ion balance, photosynthesis, as well as antioxidant defense systems. Since salinization continues to expand across arable land, it is imperative that we identify strategies that enhance cellular stress tolerance in crops in order to ensure food security. This research is a literature review in Nature database. It studied whether synthetic Strigolactone GR24 a plant hormone analogue, is able to enhance salinity tolerance in wheat by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity, ion homeostasis, as well as stress responsive gene expression.
There were three different wheat cultivars with differing salinity tolerance (Sistan, Pishtaz, and Tajen) were treated with 10µM GR24. They were then exposed to moderate and high salinity levels (5 and 15 dS/m), which was then followed by biochemical, physiological, and gene expression analysis. Main results showed that Strigolactone GR24 significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This included ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, as well as polyphenol oxidase but reduced guaiacol peroxidase activity. Treated plants showed higher levels of potassium, chlorophyll, and carotenoid, as well as higher proline content accompanied by reduced accumulation of sodium. This also resulted in decrease of main indicators of oxidative damage such as malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage. Analysis of gene expression also revealed increased regulation of stress responsive and ion antiporter genes involved in maintaining Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis, specifically in Sistan and Tajen cultivars at 15 dS/m. The findings show that Strigolactone GR24 was able to enhance salinity tolerance in wheat as it strengthened antioxidant defenses, improved ionic balance, and reduced oxidative stress at the cellular level. The definite responses observed in tolerant cultivars call attention to genotypic specific benefits of Strigolactone signaling. Altogether, GR24 constitutes a promising tool to help improve wheat performance under saline conditions. Future research would benefit from field level applications and interactions between Strigolactones and other phytohormonal pathways to greater support crop resilience in saline environments.  

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Collagen Dysfunction and Joint Instability in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Presenter: Ahmad H. Hamad
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A15]

Connective tissues function to maintain the integrity of joints, tendons and ligaments. Connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) are caused by genetic mutations that affect collagen production and organization representing a heterogeneous group of clinical subtypes. These abnormalities lead to weakened tissue and therefore joint instability, chronic pain, and functional impairment. Decoding the pathophysiology of EDS is essential to facilitate early diagnosis, prevent joint damage, and ensure long-term care. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent collagen undermines joint stability in EDS and the influence of physiotherapy. A systematic literature review from PubMed was followed to study collagen structure, genetic mutations and rehabilitation centric interventions. Research indicates mutations in collagen related genes (COL3A1, COL5A1, and COL5A2) lead to alterations in the structure of the collagen fibril and decreased tensile strength. Studies also show an increased prevalence of joint hypermobility, recurrent dislocations and decreased proprioception in EDS with reduced muscle strength and neuromuscular function. Physical therapy regimens such as progressive strengthening, proprioceptive and neuromuscular training show joint stabilization and reductions in pain with improved joint stability and strength. Those who took part in structured rehabilitation had better functional mobility and less mechanical stress on the joints they relied on. In summary, collagen based dysfunction is at the heart of joint instability in EDS. Timely diagnosis and regular physiotherapy are crucial for reducing morbidity and enhancing quality of life. Early intervention could avert long-term joint damage. Research to develop standardized EDS rehabilitation regimens, as well as to improve screening and focus on advancing subtype-specific care is required.   
Menopausal Bone Loss and Environmental Sustainability
Presenter: Trinity M. Sperry
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A17]

In adults over the age of 60, osteoporosis has been the most prevalent degenerative illness known to decrease bone density. This leads to fractures, pain, decreased mobility, and overall lower quality of life. When a woman goes through menopause, the estrogen hormone in her body decreases which is a key contributor to osteoporosis. Data suggests that hormone regulation and skeletal health can be disrupted by ecological factors. The objective of this research is to study the link between increased air pollution, disruption of hormones and bone density loss during menopause. This literature review examines the relationship between menopausal bone loss and air pollution. Peer reviewed studies from PubMed published between  between 2021 and 2024 were analyzed, including population-based and cohort studies. The long term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and bone health was investigated. Population and cohort studies link long term exposure to PM2.5, with weaker bones and higher osteoporosis rates. Exposure to high pollutants during menopause is associated with decreased estrogen levels and a 30- 40% risk increase for osteoporosis. In comparable regions, each year, postmenopausal women experience a loss of 1–1.2% more bone in the lumbar spine. This indicates that bone loss during menopause is impacted by both physiological and environmental elements. Since osteoporosis is currently a public health concern, long term sustainable strategies for bone health include lifestyle modifications, pollution abatement and education support. Priority should also be placed on early intervention and equitable access. Quality of life, rate of osteoporosis and fracture risk will improve with these preventative steps.

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Neuroplasticity in the Adult Brain: Mechanisms and Lifelong Adaptation
Presenter: Karina Nudnaya
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A18]

The brain’s ability to rewire itself throughout life by creating new neural connections are called neuroplasticity. The objective of this research is to analyze how everyday learning activities influence adult brain structure and function through the process of neuroplasticity. This study examines neuroplasticity by using peer reviewed articles from ScienceDirect with a focus on findings published within the last five years. The brain continues to reshape itself every time a new thought is formed, or a new action is taken. This remarkable adaptability underpins skill acquisition, and recovery from injury highlighting the brain’s potential for lifelong growth. Studies using neuroimaging techniques such as MRI have shown that in adults who learned to play a new musical instrument neural dendrites became denser. Findings indicate that a cellular level repeated learning strengthened existing synaptic connections and formed new ones. There was remodeling of dendritic spines, increases in neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter efficacy, and enhanced precision of neural firing. Limited adult neurogenesis was also noted that supports learning and memory. Research indicates that enriched environments involving social interaction, language learning and/or lifestyle factors such as aerobic exercise, quality sleep, and stress reduction support neural growth and connectivity. Neuroplasticity opens opportunities for innovative therapies in cognitive enhancement, rehabilitation, and mental health, emphasizing that the adult brain remains a malleable system capable of continual transformation.
Cellular Stress Responses in Plants Under Climate-Induced Heat Stress
Presenter: Sophia Natalia Landrau
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A20]

As the Earth's atmosphere warms, agricultural crops are increasingly susceptible since the temperatures are above their ecologically adapted range. Cells must respond to these climatic changes rapidly in order to survive. On the cellular level, plants respond to heat waves by altered gene expression, protein functions and metabolism. This might preserve the plant but often affects its vigor, growth and reproduction. This research poster presents a systematic literature review conducted using ScienceDirect, based on the analysis of studies investigating induced heat stress in plants. Of the 10,106 genes identified during RNA sequencing in turmeric, 41.8% were regulated differently to a significant degree under heat stress. Of these genes, 54.6% were downregulated when exposed to high temperatures. Many of the downregulated genes were part of the light-harvesting processes hence associated with reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Other studies indicate that cells change their RNA splicing mechanisms under heat stress indicating changes in post-transcriptional regulation. In rapeseed flowers, heat stress caused alterations in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Glycolysis, an important part of cellular respiration was significantly disrupted due to exposure to high heat confirming impaired cellular energy metabolism. Increases in temperature also induce dysfunction in regulating cell hormonal systems and fertility, mainly in the reproductive cells of plants. Due to an increase in temperature, plants which do not exhibit cellular adaptation may have reduced reproduction. Future research should focus on determining which cellular stress responses promote long-term heat tolerance without compromising plant growth and reproductive success in order to improve crop yields.

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Stem Cell–Based β-Cell Regeneration for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
Presenter: Wen Cai
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A21]

Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease worldwide. This disease occurs when the immune system attacks the β-cells of the endocrine pancreas leading to insufficient insulin production. Most current treatments lower blood sugar levels, but cannot  restore the normal function of the pancreas. The disease may further cause  heart, nerve, and kidney problems. Research shows that stem cells can help rebuild β-cells and make them functional. Such regenerative strategies aim to restore natural insulin production and treat the underlying cause of the disease. These methods have the potential to create treatments that modify the course of diabetes. This research studies how stem cells can be used to regenerate β-cells and treat diabetes. A literature review was done in PubMed focusing on β-cell regeneration, stem cell therapy, and transplantation strategies. The main focus was on recent experimental studies and early clinical trials evaluating its safety and effectiveness. Studies show that β-cells made from stem cells can produce insulin. The cells survive better when protected from the immune system. Research in animals shows that β-cell transplants improve glucose control. Problems involve immune response, keeping cells working over time, and producing enough cells. It has already worked in some patients, but researchers are still facing challenges  in immune rejection, long-term survival, and large-scale production before routine medical use. Encapsulation and immune-modulation technologies are being developed to improve graft survival. Using stem cells may help restore the pancreas and β-cells function in diabetes. The methods may make blood sugar more stable and reduce complications. These innovative treatments could make life easier and healthier for patients. These advances show significant progress toward future clinical use in diabetes care.

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Intermittent PTH Therapy and Its Effects On Bone Strength and Mircoarchitecture
Presenter: Ilya Goncharenok
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A23]

Parathyroid hormone PTH) plays a very important role in skeletal metabolism. This hormone is important because it regulates calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling by altering osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Research indicates that continuous exposure to PTH can promotes bone resorption and intermittent administration has been shown to have anabolic effects that improve bone structure and strength. This research examines the influence of PTH on bone integrity using evidence from both animal and human studies. A literature review in PubMed was conducted to explore PTH and better understand its therapeutic potential.
Research indicates that in aged rat models intermittent PTH administration significantly increases vertebral bone mass and improves biomechanical properties, including load, stiffness, and energy to failure. These improvements show vertebral strength and resistance to fracture, indicating that PTH positively affects bone quality. Human data from individuals with Hypoparathyroidism show that treatment with recombinant human PTH leads to measurable changes in trabecular microarchitecture. Imaging techniques and element analysis also indicate an increase in cancellous bone strength and elastic modulus, that improves bone structural organization and mechanical integrity. A synthetic PTH analog called Teriparatide has also shown to improve bone strength when administered intermittently. In conclusion, data from both animal and clinical studies reveal that parathyroid hormone is a potent modulator of bone strength and a promising therapeutic strategy for improving skeletal integrity and reducing fracture risk in metabolic bone disorders.

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Comparing Convolutional Neural Networks and Segmentation-Based Algorithms for Early Detection of Cancers Using MRI
Presenter: Dat Huu Nguyen
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A24]

Time is critical to beating cancer, and early detection can provide patients with a larger window for treatment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been integrated into the medical imaging to assist radiologist with analyzing the Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans. This study compares the effectiveness and accuracy of two different AI techniques, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and segmentation-based Algorithms, in early detection of brain tumors using published research in PubMed to evaluate performance differences and clinical feasibility of these approaches.
Both approaches utilized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans from publicly available repositories and hospital archives. Published research shows that segmentation-based algorithms can achieve overall performance levels around 90% while requiring fewer computational resources and smaller datasets, making them a more practical solution for hospitals with limited resources. Studies of CNN-based methods report accuracy levels around or above 90–95% depending on the dataset and task. CNNs generally achieve higher accuracy than traditional segmentation approaches; however, they require large datasets and powerful hardware.
CNNs and segmentation-based algorithms are both effective AI techniques that can improve the accuracy of brain tumors early detection and provide near expert level of accuracy and time. Deciding which techniques to deploy will depend on the primary objectives and resources available. Earlier and more accurate detection of brain tumors using AI-assisted imaging will help reduce diagnostic delays and improve treatment planning and patient outcomes. Research also indicates the need for explainable and clinically interpretable AI models to improve physician trust and support integration into routine clinical workflows.

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CRISPR-Based Microbial Engineering for Bioremediation and Biofuels
Presenter: Jonas B. Kefalas
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A25]

Currently Earth is under environmental stress due to pollution caused mainly by human activities which indicates that our current systems are not sustainable. This results in resource depletion, increasing energy demands and food insecurity. Microbial synthetic biology is a cell engineering method that can edit molecular pathways towards supporting environmental sustainability. Recent discoveries such as CRISPR-Cas genome editing, CRISPR interference/activation and multiplex gene regulation has enabled the engineering of microbes with improved biosynthesis to break down pollutants. This research examines how microbial synthetic biology can support an economy based on renewable biological resources and evaluates the role of gene-level engineering strategies in enabling a sustainable bio-based economy. A literature review was done using the Web of Science database to study how genetic engineering can serve in environmental conservation.
Research indicates that genetically altered microbes can reduce environmental pollutants through CRISPR enabled biosensing and improved biodegradation pathways for detection and breakdown of environmental contaminants. CRISPR editing in Pseudomonas putida showed enhanced degradation of aromatic pollutants such as toluene and benzene by editing genes in relevant catabolic pathways. Gene editing and metabolic engineering in microalgae, bacteria, and yeast can improve biofuel production by redirecting carbon flux to improve lipid or alcohol yield. For example, CRISPR-editing in  Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased lipid and ethanol production by optimizing carbon flux and eliminating competing pathways. These strains show increased biofuel and improved fermentation efficiency under industrial conditions. Gene editing in other organisms such as Escherichia coli and fungi have also demonstrated improved production efficiency following pathway optimization. In conclusion, scaling up this promising technology requires further research in genetic stability and biosafety.
Mind Over Body: Central Autonomic Control in Action
Presenter: Hye Baek
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A27]

The human nervous system is divided into the Central Nervous System that functions under conscious control and the Autonomic Nervous System under unconscious control. The ANS regulates functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. However recently studies show that it influences higher brain regions and this is important because it is related to cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was to examine how the brain regulates autonomic function through central autonomic control mechanisms. A systematic literature review was conducted using recent peer-reviewed research publications in Google Scholar.
Research indicates that the Central Autonomic Network (CAN), including the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and brainstem, works together to control automatic body functions by integrating emotional, cognitive, and physiological cues. The Neurovisceral Integration Model suggests that effective autonomic regulation reflects the brain’s capacity for self-regulation and emotional control. Research also shows that prefrontal inhibitory control is associated with increased parasympathetic activity and can be measured through heart rate variability (HRV). Data indicates that patients with higher HRV show approximately 20- 40% greater vagal activity and improved stress response. It further confirms that autonomic regulation is a dynamic interaction between the brain and body rather than a self-regulating system as once believed. The reduced HRV and impaired central autonomic regulation have been linked to anxiety, depression, chronic stress, and increased cardiovascular risk. Understanding central autonomic control shows the importance of brain body integration for maintaining physiological stability and overall health. Future research may support interventions such as biofeedback and stress-regulation training to improve autonomic balance.
Lifestyle Strategies for a Healthy Autonomic Nervous System
Presenter: Jalyn Allison Miller
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A28]

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) plays a very important role in maintaining homeostasis. If the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are impaired, functions such as responding to danger (fight-or-flight) and calming down (rest-and-digest) can be disrupted, which may hinder day-to-day routine activities. Maintaining a healthy ANS is important because imbalance within this system disrupts autonomic balance and interferes with the body’s ability to regulate normal physiological responses. The objective of this research was to determine the factors that damage the ANS and suggest protective measures. A systematic literature review was done in PubMed to study lifestyle factors that influence ANS function and the effectiveness of behavioral approaches for improving regulation. Results show that the best ways to protect the ANS include different variations of exercise such as yoga, mild weight lifting, and breathing exercises. Breathing based eastern practices (e.g., yoga or tai chi) are commonly used to support autonomic regulation. Additionally, stress reduction strategies like meditation and exercise may also help. Combining these approaches appears to support more stable autonomic regulation. In conclusion, it is very important to maintain autonomic balance and homeostasis. Taking deep breaths, reducing stress, getting sufficient sleep and adding exercise to daily life can help the ANS function more effectively to maintain homeostasis. These findings show the importance of consistent lifestyle choices in supporting long-term autonomic health.

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Cellular Responses of Phytoplankton to Rising Ocean Temperatures
Presenter: Fathima Yusraah Zakir Ghouse
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A30]

About half of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by marine phytoplankton which are mostly unicellular photosynthetic organisms. They are producers in marine food webs and play an essential role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ocean indicating their role in maintaining the global climate. Increasing ocean temperatures, due to global warming, have cellular level effects on them. Hence, it is important to understand their cellular responses. This study investigates the various ways in which rising ocean temperatures affect phytoplankton's cellular processes and stress responses. For this, a literature review of peer reviewed studies was retrieved through Google Scholar including experimental research examining thermal effects on phytoplankton physiology. The overall results show that while moderate temperature increases improved cellular activity and growth, temperatures above optimal ranges caused cellular stress responses, including decreased activity of components in Photosystem II and reduced ATP synthase expression suggesting the adverse effects of heat on mitochondrial function. Higher growth rates were seen in Emiliania huxleyi at moderately increased temperatures between 23°C and 28°C compared to a control temperature of 17°C. However changes in carbon metabolism, including higher activity of the glyoxylate cycle were observed associated with mitochondrial damage. Studies also revealed that cells prioritize quicker cell divisions and dedicate fewer resources to making proteins and RNA. Overall, the rising ocean temperatures negatively impact phytoplankton resulting in various cellular responses and may over time impact marine food webs and the ocean’s ability to absorb and store carbon.

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Regenerative Stem Cell Strategies for Pollution-Induced Respiratory Disease
Presenter: Ryanna-kelly Vizengwa Musambai
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A31]

Air pollution is a global health concern linked to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and lung cancer. Long exposure to pollutants progressively damages lung tissues and reduces immune function. Particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone are only some of the many pollutants that can cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs. Hence, this study investigates whether stem cell therapy can improve lung functionality after a pollution-induced injury.  A systematic literature review in PubMed was conducted to study the benefits of stem cell therapy in pollution induced lung tissue damage. Studies indicate that stem cells play a regenerative and anti-inflammatory role that regulates immune responses and supports alveolar healing. There are three main types of stem cells: pluripotent (derived from embryos), multipotent (from adult tissues), and induced pluripotent stem cells (lab-reprogramed adult cells). These cells have demonstrated potential in immune modulation, and secretion of growth factors that can help alveolar healing. Data indicates that this strategy demonstrated improvements in tissue recovery by roughly 20-50%, where as cases of inflammatory cytokines have reported to be decreased by 30-60% in studies using mesenchymal stem cells related therapy. In addition there are stem cell derived exosomes that are seen as a safer alternative to a full cell transplant as they may reduce the risk of immune rejection or tumor formation. Overall, stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to reduce long-term respiratory effects of pollution exposure but further research is needed to establish clinical effectiveness and long-term safety.

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Calcium Homeostasis and Vitamin D in Low-Sunlight, High-Pollution Cities
Presenter: Nasayah Crenshaw
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A32]

   In low-sunlight and high-pollution cities, the human body’s ability to maintain calcium homeostasis becomes challenging. A contributing factor is the reduction in the body’s ability to produce vitamin D due to limited sunlight exposure and air pollutants that block ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This affects calcium absorption and the body's metabolism. This has become a concern because of the risk of developing long-term bone disorders. For example, there is an increased risk of rickets in children, while adults have a higher risk of osteomalacia and osteoporosis. The research question examines the effect of  low sunlight and air pollution on vitamin D status and calcium homeostasis. To conduct this research, information was gathered from data charts and peer-reviewed research articles using online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. It is acknowledged that individuals living in low-sunlight and high-pollution cities have higher rates of vitamin D deficiency.  Many cases remain undiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms and limited routine screening. Calcium is an essential mineral that contributes to bone and teeth strength, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. With the rise in pollution and reduced sunlight exposure, there is an increasing number of individuals living with an undetected deficiency of vitamin D. To support populations in these environments, more public health education is needed to improve awareness and prevention. Recommended strategies include safe sun exposure when possible for 10–30 minutes, consumption of vitamin D–rich foods, and appropriate vitamin D3 supplementation. Increasing awareness can improve calcium balance, reduce disease risk, and support long-term population health outcomes overall.

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Neural and Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Memory
Presenter: Rayah Landers
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A33]

When learning new skills, individuals must consciously focus on the action or movements they are performing in order to perfect them. Because most skills are not mastered on the first attempt, repeated practice is necessary to achieve consistent performance. This occurs due to the phenomenon best known as muscle memory. Muscle memory is something people rely on daily, from simple actions like scrolling on a phone or typing on a keyboard to more complex tasks such as running a marathon or riding a bike. These motor pathways strengthen and refine these movements with practice, allowing the muscles and the nervous system to retain this information. The long-lasting memory will allow for rapid relearning after periods of inactivity. The objective of this research is to explore how repetitive physical movements help the body to strengthen neural pathways enabling more efficient and automatic execution. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed to understand how muscle memory allows for rapid learning after periods of inactivity. Anatomically motor nerve impulses are processed in the motor cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia in the brain. Repetitive movements cause neuroplastic changes such as strengthening, cortical reorganization, and increased neural efficiency. At the cellular level, muscle memory involves both neural plasticity and muscle adaptation, including myonuclear retention, increased protein synthesis, and long-lasting changes in muscle fiber structure that support rapid retraining after periods of inactivity. In conclusion, these mechanisms provide a framework for improving skill acquisition and developing rehabilitation strategies that support lasting functional recovery following injury or neurological impairment.

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Fertility Future: Integrating Hormone Therapy, Artificial Intelligence, and Automation to Improve Reproductive Outcomes
Presenter: Melanie Stepchuk
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A34]

The developments in hormone therapy are reshaping fertility treatment. There are treatment alternatives for people who encounter age-related or medical issues. The rate of live births through assisted reproductive technology has increased over the past decade. But the unpredictability of success, safety, and long-term effects including rare but serious complications (e.g., ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and thromboembolic events) is a problem. The future of fertility treatment is in the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation combined with traditional hormone therapies. This research explored scientific articles on PubMed, targeting studies between 2010-2025 to investigate new technologies and approaches in fertility treatments. Currently, AI is revolutionizing fertility treatment. Real-time hormone trackers are being employed to monitor menstrual cycles, enabling individualized and accurate timing of treatment rather than standardized treatment for all. Fertilo is a new technology, currently in FDA- cleared Phase 3 trial plan, is designed to decrease the stimulation phase from the conventional 9-12 days to only 2-3 days of medication, hopefully lowering the physical and economic costs. The integration of automation in in vitro fertilization labs makes fertility treatment easier, more efficient, and more economical. The introduction of Pergoveris, which is a combination of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone and recombinant human luteinizing hormone in a single pre-filled injection pen, may reduce the injection burden by combining two hormones in one pen. Recent research shows that AI-assisted embryo selection can outperform traditional visual assessment in predicting embryo viability and may improve clinical outcomes compared to traditional visual assessment methods. In general, these developments are indicative of more effective, accessible, and patient-centered fertility care, and the increasing use of technology in this field.

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Tissue Engineering for Burn Victims After Wildfires
Presenter: Diana S. Panasyuk
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A35]

The frequency and severity of burn injuries due to wildfires, including deep, partial, or full thickness burns that require skin grafts, have increased in recent years. Traditional therapies have limitations including the availability of donor skin, the risk of infection, delayed healing, and long-term scarring. This  presents a primary area for potential use of tissue engineering with the goal of improved healing, restoration of normal skin function, and reduction of long-term morbidity. A systematic literature review was conducted in Google Scholar to explore bioengineered skin substitutes, biomaterial scaffolds, and stem cell therapy as emerging regenerative strategies to improve healing after wildfire-related burns. Studies suggest that bioengineered skin constructs could considerably improve re-epithelialization by 30–50% when compared to standard wound treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells may promote angiogenesis, control inflammation, and support tissue remodeling, while collagen and fibrin-based biomaterial scaffolds provide structure for cell growth and may accelerate wound healing by improving vascularization and wound closure. Some approaches add antimicrobial agents to the material to reduce the incidence of infection and improve healing. Overall, tissue-engineered therapies may reduce mortality, promote healing, and improve the functional and cosmetic outcomes of burn injuries. Future work should focus on large-scale clinical trials, portable and rapid-deployment of treatment systems for potential use in wildfire disasters, and the development of regenerative medicine to improve long term outcomes and survivability in patients with severe burn injuries, supporting scalable implementation in disaster-response settings.


Personalized Gut Microbiome Engineering in Precision Medicine
Presenter: Kelly McGuill
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A36]

A significant finding regarding medical treatments is reflected in the saying 'one size does not fit all'. Two people can eat the same food but report different metabolic and physiological reactions. This variation shows the importance of personalized strategies for health. An innovative method is personalized gut microbiome engineering (GME) for gut and immune health. This research presents a literature review of recent peer-reviewed research using ScienceDirect database to study personalized microbiome engineering and its benefits.
Studies show that GME has potential to address various diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and some digestive disorders. Preclinical studies show that GME in probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis can detect intestinal inflammation and release anti-inflammatory substances such as cytokine interleukin-10 to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Another example includes bacterial strains that produce N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines to reduce appetite and manage obesity in animal models. SYNB1618 is an engineered E. coli Nissle strain for phenylketonuria (PKU) that is designed to degrade phenylalanine in the intestines and reduce absorption into the bloodstream. This approach may support digestive and immune function by reducing disease-related metabolites. Since GME can analyze an individual’s microbiome and test therapeutic strains against patient-specific samples before use, it can reduce side effects. Recent studies suggests its potential role in  colorectal cancer treatments. Overall, personalized GME is a promising precision medicine strategy with the potential to transform prevention and treatment across multiple body systems.

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Brain Detective: Early Dementia Clues in Mental Statue ExamsBrain Detective Early Dementia Clues in Mental Statue Exams
Presenter: Vanessa Rojas
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A37]

Dementia is a neurocognitive syndrome with a characteristic decline in thinking, memory, language, and the inability to function with daily activities independently. It is mostly associated with memory loss, unable to think clearly, staying focused, and finding the correct words. Early detection and diagnosis are important for patient care, early intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Symptoms may be missed because they can resemble normal aging, which can delay diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study is to explore how providers use the Mental Status Examination (MSE) to detect early cognitive and behavioral changes through a systematic literature review in PubMed. This clinical assessment evaluates the patient's emotions, behaviors, speech, and thinking. It consists of questioning and observing the patient's memory, attention, speech, mood and orientation. Patients with early signs of dementia may struggle with short term memory, responding in a timely manner, confusion, and difficulty paying attention. Not only is the MSE used, but a detailed examination of the patient's history plays a critical role in assessing the early cognitive abnormalities for earlier intervention and management. Another popular tool used is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) which is commonly used as a brief cognitive screening tool. The MSE is more comprehensive compared to the MMSE. When used together, a greater and more accurate assessment occurs and allows a correct diagnosis and treatment plan for patients.

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Timing Matters in the Cardiac Cycle
Presenter: Emelia Mensah
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A38]

The cardiac cycle, which includes systole and diastole, requires precise temporal coordination between atrial and ventricular muscle movements to achieve proper heart function and sufficient blood delivery to body tissues. The heart needs to beat at the right time to allow blood circulation while minimizing energetic cost and preserving its normal operating pattern. The breakdown of this coordination system between the heart and blood vessels leads to reduced cardiac performance and ultimately results in cardiovascular disease development and worsening of existing conditions.
The research investigates how cardiac cycle timing affects body functions by focusing on electromechanical coupling, while studying its effects on human health. The research used a structured, literature-based review to study ECG interpretation, heart sounds, and ventricular pressure–volume dynamics. It studies these factors to determine how electrical heart conduction affects heart mechanical function when the heart operates normally and when it develops heart disease, including conditions associated with conduction delays and impaired relaxation.
This study shows that tissue oxygen delivery becomes disrupted when temporal coordination breaks down, as ventricular filling and ejection become mechanically inefficient, while myocardial workload increases and cardiovascular performance decreases. The cardiac cycle demonstrates strong integration between electrical and mechanical processes because irregular electrical activity affects ventricular filling patterns, stroke volume, and ejection of blood, producing distinct acoustic changes during auscultation. The timing system produces unsteady patterns detectable across electrical and mechanical signals before patients reach advanced clinical deterioration. The correct timing of cardiac cycle events stands as a vital factor for maintaining hemodynamic efficiency, preserving cardiovascular wellness while helping ensure that the heart operates at peak efficiency, and supporting earlier identification of disease progression.
The Role of Baroreceptors in Short Term Blood Pressure Homeostasis
Presenter: Angelina Korchevska
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A39]

Baroreceptors are stretch sensors found in the carotid sinus and aortic arch of the heart. They are the body’s first responders for short-term blood pressure changes. They monitor the stretch in artery walls and send signals via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to the nucleus tract solitarius in the brain medulla. These specialized mechanoreceptors provide rapid neural feedback for cardiovascular regulation. The objective of this research is to study how baroreceptors affect heart rate and blood pressure through the body’s automatic feedback systems to maintain homeostasis. A systematic literature review done in the PubMed database indicated consistent changes in baroreceptor firing frequency in response to alterations in arterial pressure. When there is a decrease in blood pressure, baroreceptor firing decreases, which increases sympathetic outflow resulting in increased heart rate and vasoconstriction to elevate blood pressure. In contrast, increased arterial pressure enhances baroreceptor firing and promotes parasympathetic responses that lower heart rate and sympathetic vascular tone. This mechanism is critical to ensure that there is sufficient perfusion of tissues and to maintain stable blood pressure. This mechanism rapidly modulates blood pressure because the signals from these receptors are transmitted to the brainstem rapidly to modulate heart rate and blood vessel tone. Decreased receptor sensitivity results in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is often seen in aging, diabetes, and heart disease. Knowledge of baroreceptor function is essential in managing patients with hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and heart failure.
Artificial Intelligence in the Operating Room
Presenter: Viran Patel
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A40]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing surgical practice by improving human capability through increased accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. As a major innovation in recent times, the objective of this research is to explore the role of AI in operating rooms, with a focus on its uses in preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative decision-making. A systematic literature review was done in PubMed to study how it can improve surgical preparation, prevent operative errors, improve precision, and accelerate patient recovery. Research shows its promising use across multiple surgical specialties, including general surgery, thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, urology, neurosurgery, and orthopedic surgery. This review focused on studies showing improvements in surgical accuracy, shorter operative times, and reduced complication rates when AI-assisted technologies are used. Here, the machine learning algorithms and computer vision tools help surgeons analyze large amounts of clinical data or medical images quickly and accurately. Other examples include Robotic tools that filter hand tremor, improve dexterity, and may enable smaller incisions with fewer postoperative complications. It also helps  with diagnosis, helps to identify high-risk patients and to provide individualized surgical planning. But despite these benefits, implementing AI in surgery presents challenges, including the need for data standardization, ethical oversight, and regulatory approval. Hence, collaboration among surgeons, technicians and data scientists are essential for its safe integration into our clinical workflows. In conclusion AI is a powerful tool that will augment a surgeon's knowledge and expertise rather than replace it, supporting a new era of precision surgery and optimized patient care.
The Role of Efficient Blood Circulation in Cardiovascular and Systemic HealthThe Role of Efficient Blood Circulation in Cardiovascular and Systemic Health
Presenter: Imanor Calcano
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A41]

Efficient blood circulation is essential to maintain homeostasis in the human body. This is the one-way flow of blood is due to the pumping action of the heart. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and simultaneously removes metabolic wastes. Despite its importance people have a limited understanding of the importance of efficient blood circulation for optimal health. The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of blood circulation in the healthy maintenance of cardiovascular system. A literature review of recent scientific articles was conducted using PubMed to study the physiological and clinical effects of the flow of the blood on the cardiovascular system. Studies show that normal cardiac output was found to be 5 L/min in healthy adults, which increased to 15-20 L/min in untrained subjects and up to 30-40 L/min in trained athletes during exercise. This efficient blood circulation was found to be associated with improved systemic functions. Contrarily, poor blood circulation was linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow causes endothelial dysfunction which is an indicator of cardiovascular disease. Exercise improves this condition by increasing blood flow that enhances nitric oxide bioavailability due to stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase. This endothelium derived relaxing factor is a vasodilator that causes underlying smooth muscle to relax, promoting vasodilation and thereby regulating vascular tone. In conclusion, the importance of adequate blood circulation on cardiovascular and overall health cannot be overstated. Increasing awareness of the role of circulation will be beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Kidney Function and Electrolyte Imbalance: Implications for Disease Risk
Presenter: Alisha C. Wright
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A42]

The kidney filters blood plasma in the glomerulus and is vital for electrolyte homeostasis especially sodium and potassium ions. This plays a key role in blood volume regulation, neuromuscular function, and cardiac electrical balance. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases and the kidney's ability to maintain electrolyte balance is lost. The objective of this study is to research how CKD develops and suggest treatment options. A comprehensive review was performed using Google Scholar to identify clinical studies on dysnatremias, potassium disorders, and acid–base complications in CKD. Studies show that dysnatremias (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) are independently associated with higher mortality in CKD cohorts, suggesting that sodium imbalance is a risk marker. Metabolic acidosis is also common as GFR falls and is linked to faster CKD progression. Research also shows that correcting low bicarbonate is associated with slower decline in kidney function. Quantitative findings across studies consistently show lower average GFR in higher-risk groups and worse outcomes when electrolyte/acid–base abnormalities coexist. In conclusion, early detection and treatment may slow progression and delay the need for renal replacement therapies such as dialysis or transplantation, while routinely monitoring of blood pressure and maintaining blood glucose are essential because hypertension and hyperglycemia drive vascular damage that impairs renal flow and excretion.

The Effects of High Cortisol and the Risks It Poses
Presenter: Jack Scott Sarmiento
Faculty Sponsor: Reena Randhir
School: Springfield Technical Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A43]

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid, often referred to as the “stress hormone,” helps to mobilize energy. It is produced in the adrenal cortex and plays a major role in metabolism, immunity, and influences the fight or flight response. This research aimed to explore the physiological and psychological impacts of chronic high levels of cortisol. The chronic activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is responsible for the prolonged elevations in cortisol that increase allostatic load and overall health risk. This research studied the association between chronically elevated cortisol levels, cognitive performance and body weight by using a literature review of recent case studies in PubMed.
The main case studies included individuals with Cushing’s disease and individuals without it who participated in verbal IQ subtests. This disease was identified as a clinical model of chronic hypercortisolism related to poor verbal IQ, memory, and recall. The next study was the association between long-term cortisol levels in hair samples and body weight status. Participants exhibiting high cortisol levels were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese compared to those with low cortisol levels. These further showed evidence of cortisol-related effects on hippocampal functioning and visceral fat accumulation. The findings show a higher likelihood that obesity, poor memory, and recall performance is linked to chronically high levels. The precursors to this are anxiety, increased visceral and facial fat, and insomnia. In conclusion, prolonged cortisol elevation is associated with multiple metabolic and cognitive health risks. Future research should examine causal mechanisms and account for potential confounding factors such as mental health status, medication use, and sleep quality.
Assessing Membrane Repair Capacity in Myoblast Using Dysferlin-Dependent Dye Tagging Techniques
Presenter: Emma Ashlee DaPonte
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A61]

Dysferlinopathy is a rare form of muscular dystrophy characterized by mutations in the dysferlin gene causing the production of misfolded dysferlin protein. This can lead to impaired cell membrane repair in skeletal muscle cells, and progressive muscle atrophy. Currently, there are no effective treatments for dysferlinopathy. Our research aims to identify compounds that are already FDA approved and test their capabilities to restore dysferlin’s repair function. To create a model of dysferlinopathy patients muscle cells, mouse muscle stem cells were transfected with human dysferlin genes in order to produce various mutated human dysferlin protein models. We focused on a specific pathogenic mutation, G299R, and tested the effects of 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA); and cystic fibrosis correctors to determine if these compounds were able to restore the key functions of the dysferlin protein. We generated promising preliminary data that these compounds can effectively aid in restoring some of dysferlin’s functions due to their chemical chaperoning activity, with 4-PBA consistently performing the best. This cell line's response to varying concentrations of 4-PBA was tested and quantified using antibody fluorescent staining paired with flow cytometry. Cells were also stained with immunofluorescent dyes to visualize membrane repair efficiency and protein expression at the cells membrane using fluorescent microscopy. Our findings showed that higher concentrations of 4-PBA led to an increase in membrane targeting and partially restored dysferlin's membrane repair function suggesting that 4-PBA may have therapeutic potential for certain dysferlinopathy genotypes.  


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Identifying Differentiation and Drug Effects in DYSF Mutants
Presenter: Dylan David Mercier
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A62]

Dysferlin is a protein in the human body that is essential for rebuilding and repairing muscle tissue. It is encoded by the DYSF gene. If mutations occur in the DYSF gene, however, it can cause the dysferlin protein to become inactive, resulting in a rare form of muscular dystrophy called Dysferlinopathy. This project has two goals, the first one is to identify drugs that can restore dysferlin localization to the plasma membrane of the cell. The other goal of this study is to observe and quantify differentiation in myoblasts with DYSF mutations. We will be using immunostaining, western blotting, and flow cytometry in these experiments to determine our results.

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Drug Screening for Dysferlinopathy
Presenter: Kelly Li
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A63]

Dysferlinopathy is a rare form of degenerative muscular disease that targets a person’s muscle health, degrades its strength, and leads to muscle atrophy. Dysferlinopathy is also a collective term for many similar diseases that fall into the category of muscle degradation due to the loss of the dysferlin protein, much of which target the lower extremities. In a typical working muscle, when there is damage or tear, the protein dysferlin repairs the damaged muscle. However, in dysferlinopathy, a mutated DYSF gene produces a misfolded dysferlin protein, thereby hindering the healing process and further destroying the muscle. Given its rarity, not much progress has been made towards finding a cure for the disease, leaving suffering adolescents without many concrete solutions. Thus, this project aims to test for plausible drug cures that could increase dysferlin levels in impacted patients and hopefully improve quality of life. Many teenagers and adults who are affected from this disease tend to lose mobility within 5 - 10 years after diagnosis, striking them in their prime. By experimenting and researching these cures, we hope to see positive results that could greatly impact the community, and strengthen faith in the medical industry.

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Therapeutic Evaluation of 4-Phenylbutyrate in Models of Dysferlinopathy and Alpha-Sarcoglycanopathy
Presenter: Taja D. Viera
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A64]

4-Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) has been shown to restore dysferlin localization and activity in cell culture models of dysferlinopathy, a muscular dystrophy caused by DYSF missense mutations. To support therapeutic testing, cell culture models were optimized using myoblasts derived from mice lacking the dysferlin protein and HEK cells transfected with human dysferlin mutations. A flow cytometry based assay was used to quantify dysferlin relative to wild-type controls. Treatment with 4-PBA significantly increased dysferlin membrane localization in mouse myoblasts and V67D HEK cells. The L1341P mutation was also examined in a downstream analysis of skeletal muscle histology from the L1341P mouse model to assess disease progression. H&E-stained myofibers were generated through a collaborative study and the proportion of centrally nucleated myofibers was quantified as a marker of muscle regeneration. Female mice treated with 4-PBA exhibited higher muscle weights and evidence of slower disease progression compared to untreated controls. 

In parallel, a novel cell model was developed for alpha-sarcoglycanopathy, a muscular dystrophy caused by SGCA missense mutations. HEK cells were transfected with human SGCA mutations and a flow cytometry based membrane localization assay was established to quantify SGCA expression. 4-PBA produced modest restoration of SGCA localization in mutant cells, revealing its broader effects on membrane associated proteins. Although 4-PBA consistently increased dysferlin localization in multiple models, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Ongoing work focuses on dysferlin structure and drug–protein interactions to identify how 4-PBA rescues function, thereby supporting its potential as a therapeutic and advancing cell based models for drug discovery.

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The Effects of TUDCA on Restoring Dysferlin Protein to the Plasma Membrane in Muscular Dystrophy.
Presenter: Alexander Falkenhagen
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A65]

Dysfelinopathy is a rare type of muscular dystrophy that is caused by the improper function of dysferlin. Its primary function is to patch and repair tears in the muscle cell membrane. When there is a tear, the dysferlin will travel to the membrane to repair it.  Dysferlinopathy occurs when there are mutations within the dysferlin gene that cause it to misfold in the ER. This misfolding inhibits its ability to repair the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle weakness and eventually the inability to use the muscle completely. The first project was looking at the differentiation between the wild type and DYSF mutants. The differentiation between the DYSF mutants will allow us to predict what kind of effects some drugs can have on the disease. It was revealed that the DYSF mutants differentiated faster than the wild-type myoblasts. The second project was using the drug TUDCA to see if it is able to restore dysferlin protein to the membrane. TUDCA is a drug that is already FDA-approved for other diseases and has been shown to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress. There are currently no drug treatment options available for patients with this disease. If TUDCA were revealed to be working, it would provide a viable drug option for the patients. During these studies, it was revealed that TUDCA increases dysferlin protein at the membrane, but the results are not yet statistically significant, suggesting that more research is needed, especially to determine the optimal TUDCA concentration.   
Restoring Dysferlin in T252M Dysferlinopathy Models Using 4-PBA and Assessing Effects on Myoblast Differentiation
Presenter: Ian Nano
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A66]

Muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Dysferlinopathy is a rare kind of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in DYSF and is typically diagnosed in the mid 20s, with many patients requiring a wheelchair within 5–10 years. There are currently no effective drug treatments, and recent gene therapy attempts have been unsuccessful. Dysferlin is a protein that is required for the rapid repair of damaged muscle cell membranes. Mutations such as T252M lead to misfolding and reduced dysferlin at the membrane, which impairs the ability to repair and contributes to muscle loss. To identify possible candidates for rescuing mutant dysferlin, we performed a T252M drug-response study using flow cytometry to quantify dysferlin signal following treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). In T252M myoblasts, 5 mM 4-PBA was seen to have increased dysferlin signal relative to the untreated controls, and this effect was reproducible across two experiments. We then created a human HEK transfection model expressing T252M dysferlin and found that 5 mM 4-PBA increased dysferlin levels compared to tested compounds such as TUDCA, C17, and the controls. Then, in a differentiation assay, WT and mutant-dysferlin myoblasts were induced to form multinucleated myotubes with or without the presence of 4-PBA. They were then imaged by fluorescence microscopy, and initial results suggested T252M cells formed more myotubes than WT under our conditions, while 4-PBA did not strongly alter differentiation in either line. Overall, this work supports future drug screening and helps relate dysferlin levels to muscle performance.

Identifying Treatments for Muscular Dystrophy
Presenter: Jjuuko Nasrah Sharifah
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A67]

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders categorized by muscle atrophy over time. Dysferlinopathy is an extremely rare type of muscular dystrophy that is caused by a loss of function for a protein called dysferlin. Mutant dysferlin gets misfolded in the endoplasmic reticulum and is degraded. Patients with dysferlinopathy are unable to repair their muscle cells from contractions due to the condition, without repairing muscle it loses functionality over time. This interferes with the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and decreases patients' quality of life. With currently no cures nor treatments to minimize/prevent muscle loss, patients continue to lose autonomy that they once had. Patients typically develop the condition in their late teenage years to early twenties. Due to the rarity of the  condition it is extremely underfunded, underrepresented and under-researched by most pharmaceutical companies. Due to this, our overall project goal is to find FDA approved drugs to accelerate the approval process in order to treat patients quicker. Using FDA approved drugs such as TUDCA, 4PBA and CFTR correctors we are hoping to accelerate the drug discovery process. We are using flow cytometry to quantify how well these drugs restore dysferlin protein to the membrane, and using fluorescence microscopy to visualize the drugs effects.  In addition, we are now using a similar procedure on another version of muscular dystrophy called Sarcoglycanopathy Alpha. 


Evaluating Therapeutic Drug Candidates To Restore Dysferlin Function in Dysferlinopathy
Presenter: Kaissy Obeng Kwakye
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Owen Williams
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A68]

Dysferlinopathy is a group of rare genetic muscle disorders caused by mutations in the dysferlin(DYSF) gene, which encodes the protein DYSF. These disorders lead to progressive skeletal muscle weakness due to impaired membrane repair. Dysferlin is a transmembrane protein expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle that plays a critical role in maintaining muscle fiber integrity. When muscle fibers experience mechanical stress, dysferlin facilitates rapid membrane repair, regulates vesicle trafficking to injury sites, and participates in cell signaling pathways that coordinate protective responses.

Mutations in DYSF disrupt its production or function, preventing efficient membrane resealing and allowing cellular damage to accumulate. Our project investigates therapeutic drug candidates aimed at restoring dysferlin expression and improving membrane repair capacity in mutant cells. Using drug treatments—including chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid—we assessed dysferlin levels via flow cytometry and evaluated functional recovery using a membrane repair assay. Muscle precursor cells expressing wild-type or mutant dysferlin were damaged with saponin detergent, and dye uptake was measured to determine repair efficiency.

This research is important because it explores targeted, personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with dysferlinopathy. By identifying compounds that enhance dysferlin folding or function, we aim to prevent muscle degeneration, reduce disease progression, and improve long-term treatment outcomes for individuals affected by DYSF mutations.

Investigating the Role of fbxb-69 in Regulating Stress Responses in C.elegans
Presenter: Harshlye Pierre-Louis
Faculty Sponsor: Joslyn Mills
School: Bridgewater State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Room 163 [C25]

 Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) inside the cell is essential for survival under environmental stressors. The ubiquitin proteasome system is central in this process by targeting damaged proteins for degradation. F-box proteins are key components of this system. Although many F-box genes have been identified in C.elegans, there is currently no published research describing the specific function of fbxb-69 in the context of stress response. This gap in knowledge led me to examine whether fbxb-69 contributes to how C.elegans responds to stress.

The goal of this project was to investigate whether the fbxb-69 gene plays a role in regulating responses to oxidative or heat stress in C.elegans. To investigate this, fbxb-69 expression was knocked down using RNAi in the N2 wild-type strain of C.elegans, and the animals were exposed to oxidative or heat stress conditions. Stress responses were evaluated through the recovery and survival of animals after the stress assay was performed.

Preliminary results suggest that the knockdown of fbxb-69 has a differential effect on the stress response compared to control animals. This outcome is likely due to the role fbxb-69 has in proteostasis pathways, where F-box proteins regulate targeted protein degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Ongoing analyses will further define how fbxb-69 contributes to stress regulation in C.elegans.

Effects of lbp-5 Knockdown on Lipid Metabolism and ATP Production in Caenorhabditis elegans
Presenter: Camron James Vaillancourt
Faculty Sponsor: Joslyn Mills
School: Bridgewater State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 2, 11:30 AM - 12:15 PM: Room 163 [C27]

Lipid metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis are tightly coupled processes that are essential for organismal health. Disruptions in these pathways are strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction and proteostatic stress. In previous work, RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of lbp-5, a lipid-binding protein implicated in β-oxidation in the protein aggregation-accumulating EAK103 strain of Caenorhabditis elegans, produced multiple phenotypes, including increased lipid droplet accumulation, altered mitochondrial morphology, and reduced locomotor activity as measured by a thrashing assay. 

The present study extends this work by transitioning to the N2 wild-type background to reduce strain-specific effects and further investigate the relationship between lbp-5, lipid storage, and cellular energetics. To directly quantify energy balance, intracellular ATP levels were measured using luciferase-based reporter strains PE255 and GA2001, enabling real-time assessment of metabolic consequences following lbp-5 knockdown. We show that the knockdown of lbp-5 disrupts ATP production, consistent with impaired β-oxidation and mitochondrial function.

In addition, a recovery-based experimental approach was evaluated to determine whether modulation of lipid regulatory pathways can reverse the elevated lipid droplet phenotype observed under lbp-5 deficiency. Specifically, candidate gene targets involved in lipid utilization (atgl-1) or storage (lpin-1) were investigated for their ability to suppress lipid accumulation caused by lbp-5 knockdown. Finally, the role of autophagy in mediating the observed phenotypes was investigated, as altered lipid dynamics and mitochondrial integrity are closely linked to autophagic processes. Together, these experiments aim to clarify the mechanistic relationship between lipid metabolism, energy production, and cellular maintenance pathways in C. elegans.
Uncovering the Functional and Ecological Roles of RNA Bacteriophages and Viruses in Soil Ecosystems
Presenter: Jazlynn Bailey
Group Members: Deeksha Anand Kavalapara
Faculty Sponsor: Jeffrey Blanchard
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A2]

RNA bacteriophages are recognized as abundant and diverse components of soil viral communities, yet their ecological roles remain poorly defined. Advances in metatranscriptomic sequencing and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP)–based detection have enabled systematic investigation of environmental RNA viruses, but most studies emphasize diversity rather than the population’s ability to survive under climate change. 

This study investigated how long-term soil warming affects RNA bacteriophage diversity and stability in temperate forest soils using publicly available metatranscriptomic datasets from the Harvard Forest warming experiment accessed through the Joint Genome Institute IMG/M platform. RdRP-containing contigs were clustered into viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) to compare community composition across heated and control plots. Relative gene abundance, recurrence across samples, and genome fragmentation will be evaluated as indicators of ecological persistence under long-term soil warming.

By prioritizing ecological persistence-focused datasets, this project aimed to identify RNA bacteriophage communities that remain consistently associated with soil microbial communities under warming and to advance understanding of how RNA viruses contribute to microbial regulation in a changing climate.


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Eco-Evolutionary Responses to Metal Contamination in Marsh Microbes
Presenter: Scarlet Taveras Guzman
Faculty Sponsor: Brook Moyers
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A4]

Salt marshes are essential habitats increasingly threatened by the accumulation of heavy metals from human activities. Heavy metal contamination greatly impacts ecosystems and poses a significant concern for human health. Microbial communities are affected by heavy metal contamination and vary genetically in their capacity to tolerate toxic metals. Understanding how soil microbial communities respond to contamination can provide insight on the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that shape composition and adaptation. To access this, we collected soil microbial communities from marshes in an urban setting (most contaminated) and a rural setting (least contaminated). We cultivated both microbial communities in treatments that mimicked the most and least heavy metal contaminated sites. We also cultured the communities in media containing varying metal contamination. We plan to access the changes in microbial communities through whole genome, 16S, and 18S genome sequencing. We hypothesize that soil microbes from the sites will show an ecological response, reflected by metal-tolerant taxa persisting in highly contaminated treatments, and less tolerant taxa persisting in low contamination. We will compare taxa across treatments from different sites. Next steps include observing local adaptation responses in soil microbial communities, assessing gene functions associated with metal tolerance that may be expressed in microbes from the most and less contaminated sites. Understanding how local adaptation and community composition aids in tolerance to heavy metals in salt marsh microbial communities will provide key insight into human impacts in these ecosystems.

Exploring the Relationship Between Wing Melanization, Morphology, and Environmental Variation in Pieris rapae Using Museum Specimens and Earth Monitoring Data
Presenter: Zaley G. DelRio
Faculty Sponsor: Kathryn Weglarz
School: Westfield State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A14]

Pieris rapae, or the cabbage white butterfly, is a widespread species recognized for its 
distinctive wing pattern and agricultural impact. Beyond its role as a crop pest, P. rapae is a 
valuable model organism for studying environmental effects on morphological traits, 
particularly wing melanization and shape. Darker wing regions are important for 
thermoregulation, offering advantages in warm climates. We investigated whether 
environmental conditions, specifically latitude and temperature, drive phenotypic variation in 
wing melanization and size across P. rapae populations. To assess these patterns, we conducted 
a comparative analysis using museum specimens sourced from iDigBio.org. We measure 
melanization area and wing dimension using Image J. Environmental data, including latitude and 
local temperature, were collected using QGIS and data from NASA, for a total of 1037 specimens 
with collection dates ranging from 1800 to 2024. Regression models showed weak associations 
and high p-values, indicating limited influence of latitude on melanization or wing size. Similarly, 
temperature was not a significant predictor of temperature and Melanization, that is  
melanization levels. Findings suggest that other factors, such as genetic diversity, may play a 
substantial role in shaping morphological differences. Our work highlights the utility of digital 
collections for broad-scale morphological research, particularly when combined with data from 
whole earth monitoring initiatives. By leveraging satellite data and historical and geographically 
diverse specimens, we were able to explore phenotypic plasticity without the limitations of 
fieldwork. 

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Investigating the Repressor Sequestration Model of Cilia Length Regulation
Presenter: Emily Hope Wassouf
Faculty Sponsor: Jason M. Brown
School: Salem State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A33]

Cilia are hairlike projections on the surface of many cell types that provide the cell with functions such as the ability to swim and sense the external environment (Brown and Witman 2014). Defects in cilia can cause diseases in humans, or ciliopathies. While many genes responsible for building cilia are identified, the complete mechanisms regulating these genes remain unknown. The Repressor Sequestration Model, introduced in Perlaza et al. (2022), provides a possible method of cilia gene regulation. This model proposes the presence of a repressor that, in cells with steady-state cilia, remains concentrated in the cilia, cell body, and nucleus, where it blocks cilia gene upregulation. According to the model, upon deciliation and immediate regrowth, the repressor is sequestered into cilia and away from the nucleus, allowing cilia building genes to become derepressed and their expression levels to increase. By using the biciliated green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we developed a workflow for generating mutants with a disrupted repressor gene. Random insertional mutations in Chlamydomonas were generated via electroporation and the resulting transformants grown. Mutant colonies were individually picked, then screened via biochemical and microscopic analysis. Mutants with altered levels of cilia gene expression could suggest a disrupted repressor gene. Currently, screenings are still being done with the hope of finding a mutant with constitutively high levels of cilia gene expression. After identifying said mutant, we will use RESDA-PCR (González-Ballester et al. 2005) to determine the location of the mutation, and the possible identity of the gene or genes it is impacting. 

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Regulation of LC8 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Measured by Reporter Gene Luciferase and qPCR
Presenter: Hayley Mello
Faculty Sponsor: Jason M. Brown
School: Salem State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A34]

Following the loss of cilia, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can regrow them by inducing hundreds of genes. This research aims to investigate the process of gene regulation as cilia regrow. Luminescent reporter genes, such as luciferase, allow for monitoring the activation of a selected gene’s promoter via light emission. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) enables a more direct measurement of endogenous gene expression. We are working with a reporter strain where the promoter from LC8, a gene known to be upregulated during cilia regeneration, is connected to the Gaussia luciferase coding region. Cells were pH-shocked from pH 7 to pH 4, then back to pH 7, to trigger deciliation and allow for regrowth. Samples were frozen at 0, 30, and 60 minutes for analysis by luminescence assay and isolation of RNA for qPCR. Separate samples at each time point were fixed with iodine and imaged via phase contrast microscopy for cilia measurement. The results of the assays and qPCR will be compared to evaluate the expression of the target gene. Analysis of luminescence assay data indicates activation of the LC8 promoter in wild-type cells post-pH shock. Preliminary evaluation of qPCR values suggests expected amplification of the target gene. Further analysis will be conducted to determine what can be concluded about the gene regulation observed in C. reinhardtii wild-type and mutant cells. 
How Heat Stress Impacts Seed Shape Gene Expression in Oryza sativa
Presenter: Jayna Fawcett
Faculty Sponsor: Brook Moyers
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A35]

My project seeks to identify how global change affects rice yield, specifically how rice seed shape responds to heat stress. Seed shape is a major determinant of yield due to its strong correlation with seed number, set, and filling. Our lab previously identified an A/G SNP associated with differences in rice seed shape. This SNP is linked with three genes that regulate yield. Rice with the “A" SNP had rounder seeds, while plants with the “G” SNP had slender seeds. I am conducting an expressional assessment of the three candidate rice seed shape genes. I explore how expression levels of these genes vary between the two genotypes in normal growth conditions and under heat stress. 

Experimentally, this involves RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, primer validation, and qPCR. I expect that GG genotype rice will have different expression levels of the three candidate genes when compared to AA genotype rice. In addition, both genotypes may have different gene expression under heat stress compared to normal growth conditions, since previous experiments indicate seed shape correlates differently with yield traits under heat stress.  

Findings from this project will contribute to the annotation of the rice genome and support food security. If differences in candidate gene expression correspond with variation in seed shape, other scientists can use this in their own studies. Greater information on seed traits is particularly useful to those growing rice. They could choose rice with genotypes that convey larger seeds or heat resistance, helping them maintain crop yields and food security.  

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Differences in Microbial Communities in Metal Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Salt Marshes
Presenter: Camille Maxwell
Faculty Sponsor: Brook Moyers
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A36]

Bioremediation is the removal of harmful substances from the environment through natural biological processes. The rhizosphere is the closely associated microbes located in the soil immediately surrounding a plants root system, in which the plant chemically affects the composition of microorganisms. Microbes promote plant growth and remediate the environment. As an extension of a project studying the rhizosphere of Salicornia depressa in metal contaminated and non-contaminated environments, this study aims to evaluate the differences in microbial communities in the soils at two sites in which Salicornia depressa grows.  The first soil site is Folgers Marsh, a largely undisturbed and protected salt marsh located on Nantucket Island. The second comparison site is Savin Hill Cove. Located adjacent to Morrissey Boulevard and close to the University, it experiences high metal contamination due to runoff and the nearby peninsula being built using contaminated soils. The goal of this study is to evaluate differences in microbial diversity between “pristine” and “contaminated” sites. This will be done via 16s, 18s/ITS, and whole genome shotgun sequencing to understand the role metal contamination plays in environmental selection of microbial species in local salt marshes. I predict that taxa found in the contaminated site will have a higher representation of metal tolerant bacteria and fungi compared to the pristine site. This information can allow for better understanding of salt marsh health, and the effects of anthropogenic activity on an important ecosystem within the urban harbor.

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Investigating Skewed Floral Morph Ratios in Mitchella repens Through the Assessment of Germination Rates and Seedling Viability
Presenter: Daisy R. Arciniega
Group Members: Oliver A. Weiland, Connor Walazek
Faculty Sponsor: Aleel K. Grennan
School: Worcester State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A53]

Mitchella repens (partridgeberry) is a heterostylous plant that produces two genetically distinct floral morphs, known as pins and thrums. Successful reproduction requires reciprocal pollination between these two morphs, resulting in a theoretical 1:1 ratio of offspring. However, populations surveyed in Worcester County show consistent deviations from expectations, with ratios of pins to thrums of approximately 4:6 or 3:7. Two possible explanations for the skewed ratios are lower germination success of pin seeds compared to thrum seeds and/or decreased viability of pin seedlings following germination. To test this, seed germination and seedling viability were tested on berries collected from the field. Total DNA was isolated from berry flesh to determine if it was from a pin or thrum plant.
Identification of Candidate S-Locus Genes in Mitchella repens
Presenter: Hlaing Htoo
Group Members: Quynh Doan
Faculty Sponsor: Aleel K. Grennan
School: Worcester State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A54]

Mitchella repens (Rubiaceae) is a distylous, understory plant found in Worcester County that exhibits two genetically distinct floral morphs known as pins (long-styled) and thrums (short-styled). These morphological differences are controlled by a cluster of tightly linked genes collectively referred to as the S-locus. S-locus genes are not present in pin plants and are hemizygous in thrums. Although S-locus genes have been characterized in several other distylous species, the identity and structure of the S-locus in M. repens remains unknown. The identity, number and order of the S-locus genes varies between species, however there appears to be one core gene in common, CYP, a cytochrome p450. The goal of this study is to identify candidate genes associated with the S-locus in M. repens. Primers reported in the literature for known S-locus genes from Gelsemium elegans (Rubiaceae) are currently being tested. Amplicons of the correct size have been obtained and will be sequenced to confirm gene identity. Additionally, predicted S-locus gene sequences will be aligned to identify conserved regions, and degenerate primers will be designed based on consensus sequences. These primers will then be tested to evaluate their ability to amplify potential S-locus–associated genes in M. repens. This study aims to provide foundational molecular evidence for identifying S-locus genes in partridgeberry and contribute to understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying distyly in this species. 
Raman Detection of Glucose Thin Films on CaF₂: Effects of Integration Time and Substrate Background
Presenter: Diana Do
Faculty Sponsor: Joanna B. Dahl
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B1]

Raman spectroscopy identifies biomolecules by their vibrational “fingerprints,” but thin samples are difficult to detect when substrate peaks and background signals dominate. This challenge is relevant to emerging diagnostics based on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-bound particles in body fluids that carry lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which require analytical methods capable of distinguishing subtle, composition-driven differences between EV populations.

To model this signal-versus-background problem, this project tested Raman detection of glucose deposited as a thin dried film on calcium fluoride (CaF₂) and evaluated integration time. A 1.0 M D-(+)-glucose solution was prepared; 5 µL was pipetted onto CaF₂ and dried at 40°C. Spectra were collected using a 785 nm laser (100 mW), a 20× objective lens, and four coadditions, with integration times of 10 s and 80 s. Bare CaF₂, bulk glucose granules (~3 mm depth), and the dried glucose droplet on CaF₂ were analyzed using the same acquisition settings. Spectra were exported, baseline-corrected using an ALS routine in MATLAB, and averaged.

Increasing integration time raised intensity ~8.6× for CaF₂ and ~7.35× for the dried droplet, confirming improved signal collection. However, the dried-droplet spectra were dominated by a peak near 318–320 cm⁻¹ that overlaps the CaF₂ feature at 320–323 cm⁻¹, indicating substrate-driven measurements likely caused by a thin and/or non-uniform glucose layer. In contrast, bulk glucose showed bands consistent with carbohydrate vibrations (e.g., 841–915 cm⁻¹ and 1456 cm⁻¹), demonstrating detectability when sufficient thickness is present. Overall, improving film uniformity/thickness and reducing substrate contributions will be essential for reliable Raman identification on CaF₂, supporting measurement strategies needed for EV-based diagnostics.

Characterization and Identification of Two Soil Bacterial Isolates with Antimicrobial Activity
Presenter: Annely Grullon Rojas
Faculty Sponsor: Jeremy Bechelli
School: Salem State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B2]

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing global health concern. As part of the Tiny Earth initiative, soil samples were collected and cultured to isolate environmental bacteria with potential antibiotic activity. Bacterial isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Two isolates (8 and 10) showed inhibitory activity: isolate 8 inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas isolate 10 inhibited Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Both isolates were subsequently selected for further characterization.  Isolate 8 was a non-motile, Gram-positive rod, cream to white in color, that fermented glucose and xylose without gas production and tested negative for oxidase and positive for catalase suggesting Bacillus or possible Paenibacillus species. Isolate 10 presented as a non-motile, Gram-negative rod exhibiting orange pigmentation. The isolate fermented glucose and sucrose without gas production and yielded negative oxidase-negative and positive catalase reactions suggesting Pantoea species. Bacterial identification is currently being completed using 16s rRNA sequencing. Overall, this study identified two soil isolates with inhibitory activity against indicator organisms, showing the use of soil screening as an effective approach for discovering potential antibiotic producing bacteria.This study shows how course-based research experiences supports the efforts against antibiotic resistance by allowing students to identify soil bacteria that produce compounds capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. 
Characterization of the Miniaturized Axolotl Limb Phenotype
Presenter: Emily Wang
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine D. McCusker
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B3]

The ability to regenerate damaged or lost tissue can vary among organisms. In mammals, regenerative capacity is limited. However, the Mexican axolotl is proficient in regeneration and can regenerate size-proportionate limbs in a short period of time. The restoration of pattern is a highly studied topic in axolotl research; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind the restoration of proportional size. Upon continuous amputation of the limb, the resulting regenerate is permanently miniaturized, suggesting that there are limitations in axolotl regeneration from continuous tissue damage (Bryant, 2017). This study aims to compare bone development between the miniaturized limb and the normal limb in injured and uninjured contexts to further characterize the mini limb phenotype. This was accomplished by measuring the radius of injured and uninjured normal and mini limbs, as limb length is dependent on long bone growth. Our results indicate a statistically significant difference in length. Ossification of the radius also differed significantly between groups. The data indicates that the mini limb has deficiencies in bone development and may further elucidate potential causes of the mini limb phenotype.  
Exploring the Microbial Diversity of Ancient Antarctic Soil
Presenter: Grace Adrina Balzanelli
Faculty Sponsor: Roger S. Greenwell
School: Worcester State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B4]

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are part of the largest desert on Earth, where the freezing temperatures, high aridity, and solar radiation contribute to an extreme environment where limited microorganisms can survive. Cultivation of cold-acclimated extremophiles poses a challenge, but their characterization may provide insights into adaptations and functionality with a wide range of potential applications, including medical, biotechnological, and industrial applications. Two soil samples were originally acquired in 2016, collected from two different depths at the same site. These samples were collected at -20°C and were dated to between 13-17 million years old.

Aliquots of soil were suspended and diluted in sterile water, then plated and incubated on different media conditions (e.g. tryptic soy agar, minimal media with different carbon sources) and at different temperatures (30°C, 22°C, or 4°C). From those plates, we have successfully cultivated and biochemically characterized 25 bacteria and 1 fungal isolate. Several isolates will undergo whole genome sequencing to identify genes and enzymes involved in climate adaptations or other functions that could include antibiotic production and/or resistance, radiation resistance, or breakdown of complex metabolites. We are also performing metagenomic analysis to generate a snapshot of the microbial diversity present within this ancient soil. Studying the diversity and genetic potential of ancient microbes can provide insights into their evolution, adaptability, and impact on the environment.

Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Plant Communities in the Northeastern United States
Presenter: Isabelle Conley
Faculty Sponsor: Jessica Stephens
School: Westfield State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B5]

Urbanization can significantly alter species composition by reducing native species populations, increasing the prevalence of non-native or disturbance tolerant species, and contributing to biotic homogenization- the process where an ecological community becomes increasingly similar in species composition over time. Urban effects are often assessed using spatial urban to rural gradients with few studies examining impacts across a temporal scale. Using herbarium records, we examined how urbanization has influenced plant communities over time. Our study focused on 6 Northeastern United States urban centers and compared herbarium records from pre and post urbanization time periods. Measures of ecosystem integrity (Coefficients of Conservatism values) show a decline in high value species as well as a shift in native and non-native species, while maintaining overall species richness, reflecting a shift towards a more generalized and widespread taxa. We are continuing to examine whether those shifts are evidence of biotic homogenization with urban flora becoming compositionally similar across each city over time. Our findings aim to further push the need for research in this area while also providing urban planners with evidence that emphasizes the importance of incorporating native species and maintaining high quality habitats when designing urban green spaces and shaping environmental legislation. 
Immune Responses and Dysferlin Expression in THP-1 Monocytes.
Presenter: Maximus Lee Ball
Faculty Sponsor: Elizabeth Kilpatrick
School: Fitchburg State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B6]

         The primary goal of this study is to understand the expression of the protein dysferlin in THP-1 macrophages during phagocytosis. Macrophages are white blood cells that play an essential role in immune defense by recognizing and engulfing foreign bodies. This process requires coordinated changes in the cell membrane. Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein best known for its role in muscle cell membrane repair. Mutations in dysferlin can cause certain forms of muscular dystrophy. More recently, dysferlin has been detected in macrophages, where it may contribute to membrane remodeling during bacterial engulfment. However, its role in immune function is not well understood, so we aim to determine whether dysferlin expression and its localization change during phagocytosis. 
          To address this question, we use a human-derived monocyte cell line (THP-1), which can be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We will optimize the concentration and exposure conditions with PMA to establish reproducible protocols. Differentiated cells will then be co-cultured with E. coli that express green fluorescent protein, allowing us to measure bacterial uptake using fluorescence microscopy. Next, we will use fluorescently labeled antibodies to dysferlin to assess the expression and localization of the protein. We can then compare dysferlin expression and location in macrophages that have/have not undergone bacterial engulfment. These experiments serve to expand our knowledge about the mechanism of phagocytosis and the possible role of dysferlin in this process. 

Effects of Sertraline on Replication-Associated Template-Switching Mutations in Escherichia coli
Presenter: Arianny Grullon Rojas
Faculty Sponsor: Laura T. Laranjo
School: Salem State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B7]

DNA replication is an error-prone process that generates mutations contributing to genetic variation and genome instability. One specific class of mutation occurs at quasipalindromic (QP) sequences. These sequences can form secondary DNA structures that promote template-switching events during replication. Our research examines factors that influence the frequency of QP mutations. As part of a screen of commonly used drugs, sertraline was selected for further analysis. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that functions by blocking serotonin transport in eukaryotic cells. However, its effects on DNA replication fidelity in bacteria are not well understood. To test whether sertraline affects QP mutation frequency, we used an Escherichia coli lacZ reporter system containing a quasipalindromic sequence that allows detection of template-switching mutations. Cultures were exposed to increasing concentrations of sertraline and plated on LB agar to measure total cell viability and lactose minimal agar to select for mutations that restore lacZ function. Mutation frequency was determined by comparing colony formation on selective versus nonselective media. Our results show that sertraline alters the frequency of QP-mediated template-switching mutations in E. coli, suggesting that this compound can influence replication-associated mutagenesis. 
Assessing the Antibacterial Properties of US-Grown Dysphania ambrosioides
Presenter: Emily Margaret Mercier
Group Members: Maria Julia Borges Andrade
Faculty Sponsor: Cara Pina
School: Framingham State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B8]

Dysphania ambrosioides (epazote) is widely used in traditional medicine, having its antimicrobial properties studied worldwide, yet the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of US-grown epazote against clinically relevant microbes remain uncharacterized. To fill this gap, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO), hydroethanolic crude extract, and select fractions of commercially distributed US-grown epazote against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli, alongside phytochemical profiling. GC-MS analysis revealed ascaridole, carvacrol, and thymol as the major components of the essential oil, compounds known for their antibacterial and synergistic properties. The presence of these three compounds as co-dominant components of Dysphania ambrosioides EO was not previously reported. HPLC-DAD analysis identified quercetin and rutin as the main components of the hydroethanolic crude extract and certain fractions, flavonoids that have also shown antibacterial effects previously. Overall, the results showed that the essential oil and ethyl acetate fractions were the most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at high concentrations, suggesting that these phytoconstituents may have contributed to antibacterial activity and warranting further investigations of these samples as possible sources of antibacterial agents.

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Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Widespread Cryptic Introduced Macroalgae Across Northern New England (2024 - 2025)
Presenter: Olivia R. Davis
Faculty Sponsor: Thea Popolizio
School: Salem State University
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B9]

Macroalgal diversity was assessed between September and November of 2024 and 2025 at 22 intertidal sites across Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. Specimens were identified using morphological characteristics alongside DNA barcoding, which enabled the detection of cryptic species that may be overlooked by morphology alone. Species occurrence was analyzed using presence/absence data, and community composition was quantified with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on Jaccard distance to reveal spatial patterns across the northern New England coastline.

Introduced species were widespread, co-occurring with native taxa. Over 50% of non-native taxa were cryptic, highlighting the limitations of morphology-based surveys and the value of molecular tools for accurate biodiversity assessment. Although these cryptic introductions did not dominate overall community structure, they represent a substantial component of intertidal assemblages and may influence long-term ecological monitoring.

This study establishes a quantitative baseline of macroalgal communities in northern New England and underscores the widespread presence of cryptic introduced species. Integrating morphological identification, DNA barcoding, and multivariate analyses revealed hidden diversity missed by traditional surveys. These methods provide a foundation for standardized, long-term monitoring, while expanded future sampling could clarify ecological impacts and guide conservation strategies.

Ghosts in the Genome: AI, CRISPR, and the Illusion of Resurrection
Presenter: Malak A. Al-alamy
Faculty Sponsor: Todd Scherer Drogy
School: UMass Boston
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B10]

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and genetic engineering have enabled scientists to attempt the “de-extinction” of species such as the dire wolf, by reconstructing incomplete genomes using machine learning and CRISPR based editing. While these developments are often framed as biological resurrection, this thesis argues that such projects do not truly revive extinct life but instead produce computer-predicted versions that imitate, rather than restore, the original organism. Drawing on current genomic research and philosophical perspectives on causality, consciousness, and identity, this paper examines how AI functions as a predictive tool that fills genetic gaps without understanding evolutionary context or lived experience. Through analysis of the dire wolf case, alongside works by Plato, Annaka Harris, Anil Seth, and others, I argue that intelligence and behavioral accuracy do not equate to consciousness or authentic biological continuity. These reconstructions risk creating organisms that are biologically similar yet ontologically and ethically distinct from their extinct counterparts. Furthermore, reliance on AI introduces concerns about data bias, responsibility, and unintended ecological and moral consequences. Ultimately, this thesis contends that de-extinction reflects an illusion of control over life rather than true resurrection, and calls for greater humility and ethical caution as biotechnology increasingly blurs the boundary between simulation and reality.

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Wolbachia Bacterium Found in Water Strider (Gerris sp.) in Dalton, Massachusetts
Presenter: Keeley McKenney
Faculty Sponsor: Jacob Barnett
School: Berkshire Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Concourse [B11]

Wolbachia is a bacterium that can live within the cells of many species of arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.).  It passes through generations from infected mother to offspring, often altering the host’s reproductive processes to spread more efficiently.  It can also stop hosts, such as mosquitos (Culicidae sp.), from contracting certain viruses and spreading them to other organisms.  My research aimed to discover if Wolbachia infected the Water Striders (Gerris sp.) in Dalton Massachusetts as a contribution to Penn State’s Wolbachia Project.  I wild-caught one Water Strider from a brook in Dalton MA, extracted the DNA from its abdomen, ran three different rounds of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and visualized the PCR products against known controls using Gel Electrophoresis.  My results showed the Water Strider to be infected with Wolbachia.  To determine a more confident identification for my arthropod and its Wolbachia strain, the DNA was sent to a lab to be sequenced.  Sequencing showed my arthropod to be a Non-Biting Midge (Chironomidae sp.), and the Wolbachia to be from the Supergroup A strain.  My data was uploaded to the Wolbachia Project database to aid in uncovering where Wolbachia is present, what types of arthropods it is infecting, and what strains of Wolbachia are infecting certain areas as well as certain arthropods.  This may contribute to the control of arthropod-borne virus infections in humans (Homo sapiens).

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When Vision Goes Dark: How Light Deprivation Shapes Visual Pathways in Gerbils
Presenter: Gwyneth Amonte
Group Members: Ana Mihal
Faculty Sponsor: Sarah L. Pallas
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 3, 1:15 PM - 2:00 PM: Room 165 [D6]

Studying the development of visual pathways is of fundamental importance in neuroscience because it addresses how sensory experiences interact with biological processes to shape neural activity. Although early research in cats and primates revealed that exposure to daylight is necessary during their critical period to sharpen visual perception, it was later discovered that crepuscular and nocturnal species could refine their vision without light. However, crepuscular species such as hamsters and ferrets were unable to maintain that sharp vision into adulthood in contrast to nocturnal species like mice. It remains unclear whether visual experience is necessary to develop and maintain acuity in rodent species that are active during the day. Studying gerbils, a diurnal rodent, provides the opportunity to address this question. Gerbils may be a better model for studying human visual development because humans are diurnal, and a diurnal species may offer more relevant insights into conditions in which early visual processing is significant. In order to investigate whether visual experience is required for proper maturation of visual acuity in gerbils, we are comparing gerbils reared in normal light-dark cycles with those reared under complete darkness. From these studies, we will determine whether light is necessary for developmental sharpening of vision in diurnal rodents. This question is important to help understand ecological and evolutionary influences on the visual system and to determine if gerbils are a better animal model for human visual development.

Effects of Voltage Gated Sodium Channel Modulator on Development of the Male Mouse Mammary Gland
Presenter: Bridget Catherine Fleming
Faculty Sponsor: Laura N. Vandenberg
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A59]

Lamotrigine is a commonly prescribed anti-epileptic that targets ubiquitously expressed voltage gated sodium channels. Previous studies within the lab have investigated lamotrigine and its potential teratogenicity. In this study, pregnant female mice were administered lamotrigine, and the effects of exposure were evaluated on male offspring prior to puberty (postnatal day 21), and at the height of puberty (postnatal day 32-35).  My project aims to quantify the effects of this voltage-gated ion channel modulator on male mammary gland development. Using whole-mounted mammary glands, we have conducted morphological analyses to quantify changes to structures characteristic of different phases of development. My evaluations have specifically focused on variations in ductal area, number of branching points, and number and size of TEBs; these features can reveal the effects of lamotrigine treatment on the growth and complexity of the gland. I have now excised portions of the mammary glands with epithelium and will conduct immunohistochemistry to further analyze patterns in expression of biomarkers that may be affected by early-life exposures to lamotrigine. We anticipate that immunohistopathological analysis will provide more information regarding the molecular mechanism for the effects we have observed. Finally, I will be using QSAR to also make predictions about the hormonal activity of lamotrigine. When completed, this study will help us understand the role of these voltage gated ion channels during mammary gland development and provide insight into the susceptibility of individuals to the drug during early development. 

Testing and Evaluations for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Identification, Hazard and Risk Assessment
Presenter: Samantha Matkowski
Faculty Sponsor: Laura N. Vandenberg
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A60]

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are found in a wide range of everyday products, including plastics, cosmetics, pesticides, and food packaging, making human exposures extremely common unavoidable. Increasing evidence suggests that EDC exposures are contributing to adverse health outcomes, including reproductive dysfunction, metabolic diseases including obesity, neurodevelopmental disorders, and hormone mediated cancers. With hundreds of thousands of chemicals currently in commerce, the vast majority have never undergone comprehensive testing for endocrine disrupting activities, contributing to major gaps in research that limit accurate hazard identification. Despite this, current approaches used to identify EDCs, and regulatory systems often fail and are ineffective at protecting human populations. In our project, we described the frameworks used to evaluate EDCs and characterized their hazards and risks. Our evaluation identified major limitations in current EDC evaluation strategies including: the failure of these approaches to capture sensitive windows of development, the presence of low-dose effects and non-monotonic dose response relationships, which are essential in evaluating human health outcomes. We discuss the rush to implement new approach methodologies (NAMs) which inadequately account for the multi-level nature of the endocrine system. Exposure assessments additionally rely on outdated assumptions including underestimates of real-world exposures and an inability to account for cumulative exposures to chemical mixtures which reflect real conditions. These identified limitations suggest that the existing hazard and risk assessment frameworks will not protect human populations from EDC exposures or their impacts on health. 
Developmental Exposures to Propylparaben and Their Effects on the Female Mouse Mammary Gland Prior to and During Puberty
Presenter: Vani Gupta
Faculty Sponsor: Laura N. Vandenberg
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A62]

Propylparaben is a chemical with antimicrobial properties used in cosmetics and packaged foods. Prior studies indicate that it can bind to the estrogen receptor and is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical. My project investigates the effects of propylparaben administered during perinatal development. 

More specifically, we have been quantifying developmental changes in the mouse mammary gland that are likely due to hormonal disruptions from propylparaben. Whole-mounted mammary glands were collected from female mice at postnatal  

Day 21 (prior to puberty) and postnatal day 32-35 (during puberty). I have collected images of these mammary glands using a Zeiss AxioImager dissection microscope and analyzed their morphological features using ZEN software. At day 21, I have measured the area subtended by the ducts and branching points, as well as the width of the central lymph node and total ductal extension. For days 32-35, I have measured ductal area, number, and area of terminal end buds, and ductal extension. 

Evaluating changes to the mammary gland prior to puberty allows us to understand whether propylparaben can affect baseline development, prior to the onset of high endogenous hormone production associated with puberty. Changes observed in the pubertal samples can indicate that early life exposures to propylparaben alter the female’s responsiveness to her own endogenous hormones. 

This work is critical to understand the impact of propylparaben exposures on health outcomes. This is important to human health since propylparaben is used in items that we use in our daily lives and we should know the effects it has. 
3D Reconstruction of an Olfactory Circuit in a Nudibranch Mollusc
Presenter: Isabella Goetz
Faculty Sponsor: Paul Katz
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B1]

Olfaction is essential for how animals locate food, avoid predators, and navigate their environment. In many species, early olfactory processing occurs in structures called glomeruli, where olfactory sensory neurons converge and synapse with downstream neurons. While glomeruli are well described in vertebrates and insects, their presence in molluscs, particularly nudibranchs, remains unclear, with previous studies reporting mixed results.

The nudibranch Berghia stephanieae relies heavily on chemosensation for prey detection, making it a useful system for examining olfactory circuit organization. Volume electron microscopy data from the rhinophore ganglion reveal a localized region of sensory convergence that may represent an early olfactory processing site. Neurons within this candidate neuropil region were reconstructed using Neuroglancer and the Volume Annotation and Segmentation Tool (VAST).

Reconstructed cells were analyzed to determine their morphology, cell type, and spatial organization. The composition of the region, specifically the presence and relative amount of sensory neurons, interneurons, and projection neurons, was used to assess whether it is consistent with known olfactory glomeruli in other taxa. Where possible, synaptic connections between neurons were also examined to evaluate patterns of connectivity consistent with glomerular organization.

These analyses clarify whether olfactory processing in Berghia stephanieae follows a glomerular organizational model or a distinct neural strategy. The findings refine understanding of olfactory circuit diversity and how sensory processing varies across taxa, particularly in aquatic environments.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

How Does a Sea Slug Smell? A Molecular Approach to Investigating Olfaction in a Nudibranch.
Presenter: Tess Thattacherry
Group Members: Akhil Adusumilli, Juliette Raelyn Tao, Gabriela Maria Torres Rodriguez
Faculty Sponsor: Paul Katz
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B2]

Our sense of smell starts with molecular receptors expressed by neurons in our noses. The organization of olfactory systems has been intensely studied in vertebrates and in insects. However, little is known about the molecular basis for this sense in molluscs. We are studying the neuronal signaling pathways in the nudibranch mollusc, Berghia stephanieae. This can give us insights into evolutionary patterns and help us infer structural or functional constraints on how olfactory signals are processed. Berghia has olfactory organs called rhinophores that detect chemicals via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Odorants activate GPCRs, triggering G-proteins that initiate a chain reaction resulting in a neuron firing. Different types of G-proteins, most notably Gα, differ according to the receptor’s function. Identifying Gα variants, such as the smell-associated Gα-olf, is a convenient way to observe where olfactory signals are transmitted. Current work is focused on reconstructing phylogenetic trees of these proteins across molluscs to indicate evolutionary relationships between G-proteins in Berghia and other molluscs. As well as using single-cell RNA sequencing data, cell tracing, and HCR with confocal microscopy, to identify and classify the neurons and genes associated with olfaction. By characterizing olfactory neurons in these molluscs, we can provide a new perspective on olfactory-related proteins in this emerging study system for neuroscience.
A Complete Cellular Census of the Rhinophore Ganglion in Berghia stephanieae
Presenter: Virendra Bhawsar
Group Members: Aditya Jayamohan, Kuki Vo
Faculty Sponsor: Paul Katz
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B3]

The nervous system is made up of two major cell types: neurons, which transmit electrical signals, and glial cells, which support and regulate neuronal function. Understanding how many of each cell type are present, and how they are arranged, is essential for interpreting how neural circuits are organized. Until recently, however, it was not possible to accurately count every cell within a small invertebrate brain at high resolution. 

This project focuses on the sea slug Berghia stephanieae, an emerging model organism for studying simple nervous systems. Using three-dimensional reconstructions generated from volumetric electron microscopy, we conducted a complete cellular census of the rhinophore ganglion, a sensory processing center in the Berghia brain. Nuclei were manually identified and annotated in Neuroglancer, a web-based 3D visualization platform. Each nucleus was classified as neuronal or glial based on observable structural features, including nuclear morphology, cytoplasmic appearance, and its association with segmented cellular reconstructions (cellular meshes) derived from the EM dataset.

Across the entire rhinophore ganglion, we identified over 8,000 neuronal nuclei and over 800 glial nuclei. Distinguishing between these two cell types allowed us to measure how abundant each population is and how they are arranged within this sensory processing center. By completing this cellular census, we provide the first clear, quantitative picture of the ganglion’s cellular composition. This work lays the groundwork for future studies exploring how this circuit develops, functions, and is organized within the Berghia nervous system.
How Do Pollen Diets and Pathogen Infection Interact to Affect Bumblebee Performance?
Presenter: Roman R. Barankov
Faculty Sponsor: Lynn Adler
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B13]

Trade-offs between immunity and reproduction have been demonstrated in several insects, and are strongly dictated by nutrition. Bombus impatiens, or the common eastern bumblebee, is a widespread pollinator that forages on pollen from plants with different protein, lipid, and secondary metabolite profiles. One of its most common pathogens is Crithidia bombi, a trypanosomatid gut parasite whose infectivity is affected by host diet. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) pollen reduces Crithidia infection, but lacks many essential amino acids, making it a poor nutritional source. Red maple (Acer rubrum) pollen results in high infection, but is nutritious. Both pollen types are available during the critical time of colony establishment in the early spring. I first investigated the effects of different ratios of dandelion and red maple pollen on infection in B. impatiens workers and found that diets with higher proportions of dandelion pollen resulted in reduced concentrations of Crithidia cells in the hindgut. I then investigated the interactions between nutrition and infection on reproductive outcomes in bumblebee microcolonies. Using a 2x2 factorial design with diet and infection as the factors, I predicted that in bees fed the red maple-dominant diet, reproductive investment would be prioritized as an adaptation to a resource-rich environment. For the dandelion-dominant diet, immune upregulation would result in reduced infection at the cost of lower egg and larvae production. These results will add to our understanding of the effects of nutritional availability and pathogen spread on bee reproduction. 

RELATED ABSTRACTS

The Influence of Bee Host Community Context for In Vitro Growth Parameters of a Trypanosomatid Parasite
Presenter: Emma Lynne Piedade
Faculty Sponsor: Lynn Adler
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B14]

Host community diversity can limit multi-host parasite transmission and virulence, with positive effects for hosts. Crithidia bombi is a unicellular multi-host trypanosomatid bee gut parasite primarily infecting bumblebees (primary host), decreasing bumblebee host fitness, but replicating also in some non-bumblebee bee species (alternative hosts). Infection by C. bombi differs between hosts, and in vitro techniques are key to isolating effects of selection in multi-host networks on intrinsic parasite traits. We hypothesize that host community traits, including primary host encounter rates, will impose selection on C. bombi growth parameters that can be detected in vitro due to differences in the efficiency of resource use. We predict that increased likelihood of C. bombi encountering its primary host will select for strains with increased maximum growth rate and carrying capacity. Twenty-four C. bombi strains were collected and isolated from B. impatiens workers from 14 bee communities differing in B. impatiens relative abundance, bee genera richness, and network modularity; these metrics were chosen to estimate the likelihood of encountering the primary host, B. impatiens. For each strain, growth was measured over a 10 day period using spectrophotometry. Maximum growth rate and carrying capacity were calculated for each strain. Carrying capacity was positively associated with the whole season network modularity, indicating that environments with more isolated interactions between subgroups may select for more efficient resource use by C. bombi. Understanding how pollinator host community traits affect intrinsic traits of parasites is key for determining impacts of bee community diversity loss.

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ProBEEotics: Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Crithidia bombi (Trypanosomatidae) Infection on the Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
Presenter: Madina Alikulova
Faculty Sponsor: Lynn Adler
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Concourse [B15]

Environmental issues such as pollution and climate change have increased stressors on bees, leaving them more vulnerable to disease and population declines. Crithidia bombi is an intestinal parasite that primarily infects bumblebees (Bombus spp.), which are dominant pollinators across many ecosystems. Since the gut microbiome significantly impacts intestinal and overall health, probiotic supplementation offers a unique opportunity to combat infection and reduce stress on bumblebees. While certain probiotics may protect honeybees from several pathogens, little is known if probiotics can help reduce infection in bumblebees. We tested the effects of probiotic  supplementation on probability and intensity of C. bombi infection in the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). We used SuperDFM HoneyBee, a supplement with six strains of lactic acid bacteria as well as yeast. Bees were maintained in individual containers and fed either wildflower pollen with probiotics (w.t. 8.3% probiotic) or without for 5 days before inoculation with C. bombi (36 bees per treatment across two trials) and then for another 7 days before dissection. Gut samples were analyzed for C. bombi infection intensity. We found that probiotic supplementation did not have a statistically significant effect on probability or intensity of infection in B. impatiens. These results indicate that administering an 8.3% probiotic pollen mix is not protective against C. bombi. Pollen with a higher probiotic concentration or delivering doses through alternative means (such as liquid form) could be more effective, warranting further investigation of how probiotics affect bee health.

Effect of Wound Type on Regeneration
Presenter: Funbi Favour Fatoke
Group Members: Phoenix Mironova, Miles Jude Bennett Kshatriya, Lucy Gill, Melody Hernandez, Adam Sebastiene Jereos Lagare, Lakshmi Jayaprakash, Marley Nielsen, Omoyeme Agen, Molly Hauri
Faculty Sponsor: Akiko Okusu
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C1]

Nematostella vectensis is a model organism in regenerative biology. Regeneration is a critical biological process that allows organisms to repair damaged tissues, but regenerative success may vary depending on the type of injury. Understanding the response to different injury types can provide insights into expected outcomes in nature. This study examines how different wound types affect regeneration in Nematostella vectensis. Adult animals were subjected to distinct injury types and regeneration was monitored over time. Findings from this study identify how wound types influence regeneration and how organisms respond to tissue damage to prioritize repair processes. This study contributes to a broader understanding of regeneration biology and highlights the importance of injury context in shaping regenerative responses.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Effect of Food Intake on Neuronal Cell Number During Regeneration
Presenter: Owen Matthew Enright
Group Members: Charlotte W. Liu, Vasiliki Gioldasis, Owen Zen Gates, Christopher Shinmyo Kim, Alexander Linares, Morgan Bertolini, Fiona Liu, Noah Dongkun Lee, Diya Vijaya Kumar, Tina Touma
Faculty Sponsor: Akiko Okusu
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C2]

Nematostella vectensis, commonly known as the starlet sea anemone, is a small, estuarine cnidarian native to shallow coastal waters along the Atlantic coast of North America and parts of the United Kingdom. This species is an emerging model organism in developmental biology, genomics, and evolutionary studies due to its unique phylogenetic position as a member of the phylum Cnidaria, an early-diverging group in the animal kingdom. While food intake is known to influence regeneration speed, its effect on neuronal cell number is less understood. This study examines how nutritional status affects the number of neurons present in regenerated tentacles of Nematostella vectensis. Animals were assigned to fed and unfed groups and allowed to regenerate following tentacle amputation. After regeneration, neuronal cells were visualized using fluorescent markers and quantified. This study highlights the connection between metabolism and neural regeneration and provides insight into how environmental conditions influence nervous system maintenance.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Effect of Food Intake on Regeneration Rate
Presenter: Olivia Maciver
Group Members: Garret Chiu, Jin B. Greene, Tasnim Amer Berghol, Ana Ruiz, Ari Quaglia, Biane Silva Viana
Faculty Sponsor: Akiko Okusu
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C3]

Regeneration requires energy and cellular resources, suggesting that nutritional status may influence regeneration speed. These factors may become limitations in nature and can modify the successful regeneration of a population. This study investigates how food intake affects the rate of tentacle regeneration in Nematostella vectensis. Animals were divided into fed and unfed groups prior to and during regeneration following tentacle amputation. Regeneration progress was monitored by measuring tentacle regrowth over a set period of time. Understanding how nutrition affects regeneration can provide insight into how organisms balance energy use between maintenance, growth, and repair. We expect that unfed Nematostella would experience slower growth rates compared to fed Nematostella.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Effect of 1-Azk on Regeneration of Tentacular Neurons
Presenter: Cheryl Chisom Nwaeze
Group Members: Mashaal Virk, Tejpravin Ravikumar, Charuvi Prabha Singh, Ashlyn Standlee, Vivian Liu, Danielle N. Ndegwa, Ivy Lin, Benjamin Rubin Walker, Alana Michelle Canedy-Kosmoski
Faculty Sponsor: Akiko Okusu
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C4]

Cnidarians are known for their strong regenerative abilities, including the capacity to regenerate nervous tissue. More specifically, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying body axis formation during regeneration in Nematostella provides valuable insights into the evolution of developmental pathways in metazoans. 1-Azakenpaullone (1-Azk), a small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), has been shown to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway critical for axis specification and patterning across diverse species. This study examines the effect of the compound 1-AZK on the regeneration of tentacular neurons following injury in Nematostella vectensis. Adult Nematostella vectensis individuals underwent tentacle amputation and were then exposed to 1-AZK, while control animals regenerated without treatment. Regeneration was monitored over time using fluorescent neuronal markers to visualize and count regenerated neurons. By examining how chemical inhibitors impact regeneration, this study helps identify biological processes involved in nervous system repair.

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Exploring the Role of REVOLUTA in Regulating Stem Development in the Grass Model Brachypodium distachyon
Presenter: Kylie Rose Campana
Faculty Sponsor: Samuel P. Hazen
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C13]

Plant secondary cell walls play a vital role in providing structure, protection, and mechanical support, and collectively represent a major carbon sink within the plant. The HD-ZIP III transcription factor REVOLUTA (REV) is a key regulator of vascular development and secondary cell wall formation in dicot plants, but its role in grasses remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the function of REV in the model cereal grass, Brachypodium distachyon, using two mutant alleles, rev-1 and rev-2, which result in a premature stop codon in the START domain and an amino acid substitution bordering the MEKHLA domain, respectively. We are using these mutants to visualize the effects on secondary cell wall thickening in stems by comparing them to wild-type plants. Histological analysis and phloroglucinol staining were used to visualize and measure cell wall thickness in multiple cell types, including mestome, interfascicular, and xylem cells. Preliminary results indicate that both mutants have a decrease in lignin and secondary cell wall thickness of interfascicular cells. Additionally, rev-1 has a significant increase in vascular bundle formation. These findings suggest that REV plays a conserved role in regulating secondary cell wall development and has a pleiotropic nature. Ongoing work includes the generation of additional mutant alleles in a reporter line to better understand REV’s role in regulating secondary cell wall development.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Characterizing Stem Node Anatomy and Secondary Cell Wall Thickening in the Model Cereal Grass Brachypodium distachyon
Presenter: Kathryn McGillivray
Faculty Sponsor: Samuel P. Hazen
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C14]

Nodes are critical yet understudied junctions in grass stems, serving as sites of leaf attachment, branching, and vascular integration. In the model cereal grass Brachypodium distachyon, internode anatomy and secondary cell wall properties have been well characterized, but comparable analysis of nodes remains limited. To address this gap, we used histological techniques to define distinct regions within mature stem nodes and to compare their secondary cell wall features with those of internodes. Our analysis reveals intense lignification and highly thickened cells within node tissue, likely to support the structural stability of the node as a junction for growth and vasculature. We also observed enlarged vascular bundles in the node compared to the internode, suggesting distinct functional organization related to water and nutrient transport across tissues. To investigate genetic regulation of these patterns, we examined the role of KNOTTED OF BRACHYPODIUM 7 (KNOB7), a putative negative regulator of secondary cell wall thickening previously characterized only in internodes. Quantification of cell wall thickness in internode and node tissues of knob7-1 and knob7-3 mutants revealed significant differences compared to wild-type plants in both regions. The differences in thickness in the node are similar to the internode, indicating similar regulation of cell wall synthesis despite their distinct differences in architecture and cell wall thickening patterns. By elucidating node structure and cell wall thickening patterns, our study aims to advance our understanding of plant development and transcriptional regulation.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Auxin Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall Gene Expression in Brachypodium distachyon
Presenter: Valeria Lacouture
Faculty Sponsor: Samuel P. Hazen
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C15]

Plant growth proceeds through stages of cell division, elongation, and secondary cell wall synthesis. The plant hormone auxin functions as a key developmental regulator that can either delay or promote secondary cell wall deposition depending on cellular context. Although auxin is known to regulate many aspects of plant development through controlled synthesis, transport, and signaling, its specific role in secondary cell wall formation in grasses remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated auxin-responsive expression of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 8 (CESA8), a gene required for wall thickening, in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. We used a bioluminescent CESA8pro:LUC reporter to monitor gene expression in living plants. Seedlings were treated with auxin as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the auxin signaling inhibitor p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), or a mock control and imaged over a 48-hour time course. Luminescence was quantified separately in stem and root tissues. Auxin treatment had little effect on CESA8pro:LUC expression in stem tissue but caused a significant decrease in expression in roots. These results indicate that auxin regulates secondary cell wall gene expression in a tissue-specific manner in B. distachyon, acting as a negative regulator in roots while having limited effects in stems under these conditions. This work improves our understanding of how auxin regulates developmental transitions associated with secondary cell wall formation in grasses and provides insight into hormone-mediated control of plant growth.

Characterizing Secondary Cell Wall Phenotypes in HDAC19 and GF14H Mutant Brachypodium distachyon
Presenter: Natalya Vienna Triplett
Faculty Sponsor: Samuel P. Hazen
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C16]

Secondary cell walls in grasses provide structural strength, enable water transport, and represent the largest carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their importance, the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall formation remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the roles of two genes, HDAC19, a histone deacetylase that regulates gene expression through chromatin modification, and GF14H, a 14-3-3 protein involved in protein–protein interactions and signal transduction, in controlling secondary cell wall thickening in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Both genes have been implicated in abiotic stress responses, and mutant lines exhibit shorter stems with increased thickness, suggesting altered cell wall development. To characterize these phenotypes, stem cross-sections were analyzed using histology and phloroglucinol staining to visualize lignin, a major component of secondary cell walls. Cell wall thickness was quantified in multiple stem cell types, including mestome, interfascicular fibers, and xylem. Preliminary results indicate a significant increase in secondary cell wall thickness in interfascicular fibers of the mutant lines compared to wild type. These findings suggest that HDAC19 and GF14H function as regulators of secondary cell wall deposition. This work contributes to understanding the genetic control of cell wall formation in grasses and provides insight into mechanisms that influence plant structure and biomass accumulation.


Beneath Our Feet: SR-01-25, A Possible Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Producing Soil Bacterium
Presenter: Sarah Ratka
Faculty Sponsor: Verena Carvalho
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C17]

Antibiotic resistance is a growing issue for public health. The need for novel antibiotics able to fight resistant infections is increasing constantly. The solution for this public health crisis may lie just beneath our feet; soil bacteria are incredibly common antibiotic producers, as soil is so densely packed with bacteria, they use antibiotics to fight for resources and space in the soil. However, this is not as cut-and-dry a solution as it seems; millions of bacteria make their home in soil, and most antibiotics produced are ineffective against modern pathogens or unsafe for human treatments. This project aims to discover a novel antibiotic from a soil bacterium that is effective against one or more ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species). ESKAPE bacteria are some of the most common species responsible for nosocomial infections, and all are increasingly resistant to modern antibiotic treatments. Through this research, we discovered SR-01-25, an antimicrobial soil bacterium that is effective against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. We hope to identify the species of SR-01-25 through 16S rRNA sequencing, and to chemically analyse the chemical it produces to identify it as an existing or novel antibiotic. 

RELATED ABSTRACTS

VS 17-25: A Soil Isolate with Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
Presenter: Vinuji Senalya Siriwardena
Faculty Sponsor: Verena Carvalho
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C18]

Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly escalating global health crisis, mainly in hospital-acquired

(nosocomial) infections, where treatment options are increasingly limited. ESKAPE pathogens

(Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Enterobacter spp.) account for the majority of multidrug-resistant

infections worldwide and are responsible for increased healthcare costs and mortalities.

Soil is one of the most diverse microbial habitats on Earth, with complex microbial communities

engaging in constant competition for nutrients and space. Microorganisms naturally produce

antibiotics as part of their competitive strategies, and many antibiotics used in modern clinical

practice were originally derived from soil microbes, posing soil as a promising source for the

discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds.

The Tiny Earth Project approach aims to address the dire need for finding new, effective

antimicrobial compounds by engaging students in individual research projects in which they

isolate and characterize antibiotic-producing soil bacteria. In this project, we performed soil

sampling, serial dilution, bacterial isolation, screening activity against ESKAPE pathogens,

physiological characterization, Kirby-Bauer susceptibility testing, and a chemical extraction

assay.

Here, we present the data about the discovery of soil isolate VS-17-25, which can produce

inhibition zones against Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. The isolate is a

Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, obligate aerobic bacterium that is susceptible to ampicillin,

ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. Our study demonstrates that soil microbes are a promising source for

antibiotic discovery and the future development of new, effective therapeutics.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Fighting Antibiotic Resistance From the Ground Up
Presenter: Mai See Thao
Faculty Sponsor: Verena Carvalho
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C19]


Antibiotic resistance is becoming a global health crisis due to microbes quickly adapting to antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare perpetuates this problem, creating the ESKAPE pathogens – Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species – which cause severe, sometimes lethal infections in hospitalized patients.

 Many known antibiotics come from soil: a microbe-rich environment. Resource limitations in soils naturally drive microbes to create their own antibiotics to kill competitor bacteria, making soil a promising site to discover new, potentially effective antimicrobial substances to use against infectious diseases in humans. 

The Tiny Earth program allowed students to conduct real, hands-on research by culturing and characterizing antibiotic producing bacteria from soil that could be effective against one or several of the ESKAPE pathogens. We isolated numerous pure cultures and screened them against the 6 most common ESKAPEs. When we observed clearing zones, we further characterized the candidate isolate and the putative antimicrobial substance it produced. 

This poster presents the discovery of strain MT-14-25, a Gram-negative bacterium with the ability to inhibit E. faecalis, S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. MT-14-25 was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar at 30° C and identified as an aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium capable of degrading casease, casein, starches, and hydrogen peroxide. With numerous strains found from this project alone, antibiotic-producing microbes are prevalent in soils and utilizing their abilities more in healthcare could be one step in combatting the antibiotic resistance crisis. 

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Shrimp on a Treadmill: Discovery of Novel Bacteriocins
Presenter: Eli Rabson
Group Members: Mathena Nguyen, Caleb Benjamin Gray
Faculty Sponsor: Margaret Riley
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C26]

Shrimp is the most commonly consumed seafood item in the United States, with the global market projected to grow 6.72% annually over the next five years. To feed this demand, the United States has turned to shrimp monocultures, which are highly susceptible to diseases that are resistant to traditional antibiotics. In light of this problem, we aimed to discover a new disease prevention method for shrimp monocultures by isolating bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria as a competitive mechanism to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. We attempted to isolate bacteriocins from sixty-one strains of Vibrio, including species V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. splendidus, V. crassostreae, and V. tasmaniensis. To do so, each Vibrio strain was first cultured with mitomycin-c to induce the production of bacteriocins and then spotted on a naive bacterial lawn such that the sensitivity and inhibitory profiles of each strain was screened. The plates were incubated for twenty-four hours, and we visually identified any zones of inhibition caused by bacteriocins. Ultimately, we identified five candidate strains based on their ability to inhibit the growth of a wide spectrum of Vibrio. The weakest candidate bacteriocin inhibited 16.4% of tested strains, while the most effective candidate bacteriocin inhibited 42.6% percent of tested strains. Next steps include validating the candidates by producing lysates and quantifying the minimum inhibitory concentration of each bacteriocin. If successful, these candidate strains show promise for use as a narrow spectrum antibiotic in monoculture shrimp farms, helping to prevent disease and the creation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Discovery of Bacteriocin-Producing Salmonella Strains for Enhancing Pet Food Safety
Presenter: Demyana Youssif
Group Members: Dhyani Derasari, Kate Alleyne Corey
Faculty Sponsor: Margaret Riley
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 5, 3:15 PM - 4:00 PM: Room 163 [C27]

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern as foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella become less responsive to commonly used antibiotics. While Salmonella contamination is often linked to poultry and eggs, an increasing number of outbreaks have been associated with contaminated pet food. Pets can carry Salmonella without showing symptoms and shed the bacterium, creating a risk of transmission to humans, particularly young children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised populations. 

To discover bacteriociocin activity from a variety of sources a collection of laboratory and environmentally derived Salmonella strains were screened for production and susceptibility to bacteriocin-based inhibition. Environmental isolation was performed using fecal samples from turtles and chickens using detailed methods. Colonies determined by isolation agar to be Salmonella were isolated, purified, archived, and prepared for further analysis. Preliminary spot assay screening using the purified bacteriocin nisin showed inhibition in 6 of 16 strains, indicating variability in sensitivity across isolates. 

Ongoing experiments include an all-by-all inhibition assay to identify bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance production among newly isolated strains, with mitomycin C used to enhance antimicrobial expression. MitC is a DNA-damaging agent that activates the bacterial SOS response, triggering the production of bacteriocins. This resulted in fifteen possible bacteriocin-producing candidates, the candidates are defined as Salmonella isolates that demonstrated reproducible inhibitory activity against at least one indicator strain during all-by-all inhibition assays. These will be selected for lysate preparation; lysates enable antimicrobial activity to be assessed without live bacterial cells, which will evaluate their potential use in reducing Salmonella contamination in pet food.
Cleaning and Articulation of Ursus americanus
Presenter: Lyle Banks
Group Members: Ellie Bowser, Devon Rehorka, Samuel E. Wasilewski
Faculty Sponsor: Amanda L. M. Hyde
School: Greenfield Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A5]

The purpose of this project was to assemble an anatomically correct black bear (Ursus americanus) skeleton for educational and display purposes. The specimen for this articulation was found deceased on our campus and transferred to the campus forest to decompose. Our team retrieved the bones from the forest and meticulously cleaned them using a combination of maceration in mild enzyme detergent solution and manual defleshing. The cleaned bones were then sorted and identified using anatomical references. The skeleton was assembled using a combination of screwing and wiring the joints together. Once complete, the skeleton was mounted on a hardwood base for display. This skeleton will remain on display in GCC's Vertebrate Natural History collection, allowing future generations of students to learn about comparative vertebrate anatomy.
The Formation and Reproduction of the jeffersonianum-laterale Complex.
Presenter: Kasey Morgan Kellogg
Faculty Sponsor: Amanda L. M. Hyde
School: Greenfield Community College
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A6]

Ambystoma jeffersonianum and Ambystoma laterale are two closely related mole salamander species native to eastern North America. An estimated 3.5 million years ago these two species began to interbreed and formed a new hybrid or complex (a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear.). This hybrid (sometimes referred to as the Silvery salamander or A. platineum, however this term can be used to describe many different unisexual hybrids that have genetic material from various Ambystomas) is a unisexual hybrid that reproduces with ‘pure’ males. My goal is to further research how this complex came to be and how these unisexual hybrids continue to reproduce today despite all odds. I will do this by reviewing a mix of reference/tertiary, secondary, and primary sources relating to the natural history and reproduction of the hybrid Ambystoma and working to interpret and analyze the information found to form a better understanding on the subject.

Nuclear Stiffness is Differentially Regulated by Lamin Isoforms
Presenter: Andy Li
Faculty Sponsor: Andrew Stephens
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A25]

The mechanical properties of the nucleus are critical for maintaining nuclear integrity and function, and disruptions in these mechanics are linked to dysfunction. We previously showed that chromatin dominates short-extension mechanics, while lamins provide long-extension strain stiffening. To distinguish the roles of lamin isoforms, micromanipulation nucleus force measurements were performed on isolated nuclei from mouse embryonic fibroblast lines depleted of lamin B (LMNB1-/-), lamin A (LA KD), and lamin A and C (LMNA-/-).  Loss of lamin B nuclei exhibit reduced short-extension stiffness while maintaining long-extension mechanics, due to loss of facultative heterochromatin. Loss of lamin A and C did not alter short-extension nuclear stiffness. Nuclei depleted of lamin A display weaker stiffness in long extensions, whereas loss of both lamin A and C nuclei show a dramatic loss of strain stiffening in the long regime. These results support a model in which lamin B has no direct nuclear stiffness role and that lamin A and C are equally responsible for long-regime nuclear strain stiffening. It is hypothesized that lamin B influences nuclear stiffness indirectly through effects on chromatin organization and heterochromatin-mediated resistance at small deformations, rather than by directly bearing tensile load at large deformations (Schreiner et al., 2015; Stephens et al., 2019; Manning et al., 2025). This work illuminates the distinct mechanical roles for lamin isoforms, and establishes a foundation for understanding how nuclear structure is determined in health and disease.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

BRD4 Inhibition Suppresses Nuclear Blebbing and Rupture
Presenter: Antonela Losada
Faculty Sponsor: Andrew Stephens
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A26]

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and understanding the mechanisms that promote tumor progression can help develop effective therapeutics. A hallmark of many cancers is a deformed nucleus. One common abnormality is nuclear blebbing. Nuclear blebbing refers to a protrusion on the cell’s nucleus, which leads to nuclear rupture and dysfunction. JQ1 is a molecular inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein, BRD4, which is important for gene expression in cancer cells, euchromatin maintenance, and cancer progression. Recent research indicates that JQ1 is an effective BET inhibitor with anti-cancer properties. However, how the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 impacts nuclear blebbing and rupture, a major phenotype of cancer, remains unknown. We performed live-cell imaging to examine nuclear morphology during a day-long treatment with JQ1 and observed a reduction in nuclear blebbing and rupture with JQ1 treatment. To measure levels of decompacted chromatin, an immunofluorescence experiment using the euchromatin marker H3K9ac was used. We found that JQ1 treatment decreased H3K9ac levels, suggesting reduced euchromatin and a more compact chromatin state. The suppression of nuclear blebbing by JQ1 can be attributed to either changes in transcriptional dynamics or euchromatin levels. It remains unclear whether JQ1 suppresses blebbing by altering transcriptional activity or by changing histone modifications that promote chromatin compaction. These experiments provide a connection between transcription regulation and chromatin organization, giving us insight into JQ1’s therapeutic potential to improve nuclear stability in cancer cells. 

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Investigating Tau Isoform Expression in Chimp iPSC-Derived Astrocytes
Presenter: Karishma Mahesh Babani
Faculty Sponsor: Courtney Babbitt
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A41]

Humans and chimpanzees share approximately 98% of their DNA sequence, making chimps an invaluable resource for studying human health and disease. Tauopathies are characterized by abnormal accumulation of the tau protein, which is encoded by the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau(MAPT) gene. Humans have six tau isoforms encoded by the MAPT gene, with 3 or 4 repeat regions (3R or 4R) resulting from alternative splicing. Exons 9 and 10 encode portions of this repeat region. While exon 9 is constitutively included, exon 10 inclusion produces the fourth repeat, generating 4R tau. Exon 10 splicing instability is strongly associated with tau aggregation and neurodegeneration. We use comparative differences to examine the protein tau and its role in tauopathies. Human neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, a tauopathy) occur more frequently than in non-human primates. Human iPSC-derived astrocytes mostly express 3R tau; however, it is unclear if chimpanzee iPSC-derived astrocytes express 4R tau and how their splicing patterns differ. Variations in exon 10 inclusion among species may affect susceptibility to tau disease, since astrocytes assist in tau propagation. We used wet-lab methods and bioinformatics to determine whether chimpanzee astrocytes express 4R tau transcripts using isoform-specific PCR primers targeting splicing sites, including exon 10. Studies on MAPT splicing, tau fragments like K18, and mutations like P301S demonstrate the connection between tau aggregation and illness and various tau isoforms, especially 4R. Examining splicing patterns in exons 9 and 10 aims to clarify lineage-specific regulation of MAPT and to assess how chimpanzees can help humans understand the roots of neurodegenerative disease.

RELATED ABSTRACTS

Digital Assessment of African Elephant Body Condition
Presenter: Anna Margarita Heninger
Faculty Sponsor: Duncan James Irschick
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A54]

Accurate assessment of body condition is critical for monitoring the health and conservation status of endangered species such as African savanna elephants. However, existing methods rely on subjective visual scoring or logistically challenging field measurements. This project is conducted in collaboration with Save the Elephants, a Kenya-based elephant conservation organization, and Dr. Giacomo D’Ammando, Research Manager with over ten years of experience studying African mammals. This study develops a quantitative, noninvasive, and scalable framework for estimating elephant body condition using three-dimensional (3D) modeling. A dataset of 221 adult male savanna elephants (≥15 years) was used to generate a statistically significant linear regression relating shoulder height to body mass (Y = 34.62X − 5842, p < 0.05), providing a predictive model for estimating mass from morphometric measurements.

A high-resolution 3D scan of an adult male elephant served as the anatomical foundation for a flexible model constructed in Blender (v4.5.3 LTS). Using shape keys, the model simulated body conditions ranging from emaciated to obese. For each state, dorsal and lateral surface area and total volume were calculated to establish standardized metrics. 

I hypothesize that 3D-derived volume and surface area measurements will strongly correlate with estimated body mass, providing an objective proxy for body condition that reduces observer bias in traditional scoring systems. By creating reproducible morphological benchmarks, this approach offers a scalable tool for conservation and wildlife health monitoring. More broadly, this framework illustrates how digital modeling can improve condition assessment in large, free-ranging species where direct measurement is impractical. 

RELATED ABSTRACTS

A Quantitative Method for Assessing Polar Bear Body Condition
Presenter: Andre Owens-Butler
Faculty Sponsor: Duncan James Irschick
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Campus Center Auditorium [A55]

Body condition is of great interest for ecologists and conservation biologists, because of its strong correlation with many animal traits critical to survival, such as migratory ability, reproduction, and immune function, among others. Current methods for studying body condition are limited such that they tend to involve some form of capture which is expensive and dangerous. The use of visual scoring to approximate fat deposits is an emerging approach for evaluating body condition, but is limited by its subjectiveness, interobserver bias, and the need for professional evaluation. In this study, we obtained a 3D of a polar bear (Ursus marimitus) through photogrammetric capture, and modified the 3D model using Blender software to make it capable of simulating body condition on a continuous scale. Furthermore, we generated data using (N = 39) Polar Bears. Our four graphs show strong positive correlations, Dorsal Area vs Volume (R2 = 0.907), Dorsal Area vs Surface Area (R2 = 0.907), Lateral Area vs Volume (R2 = 0.989), and Lateral Area vs Surface Area (R2 = 0.988). The use of our method is quantitative, more objective than visual scoring, less expensive, safer, requires less expertise, and has potential for automation with future work using machine learning algorithms.
Investigating the Role of RXLR Effectors in the Basil Downy Mildew Pathogen Peronospora belbahrii
Presenter: Kiyan Michael Moinzadeh
Group Members: Myrger Limanaj, Sevin Ilgaz Hakioglu, Maria Basta, Elsa Cranson, Luke G. Frey
Faculty Sponsor: Li-Jun Ma
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 163 [C8]

Basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by the obligate oomycete Peronospora belbahrii, poses a major threat to basil cultivation by circumventing plant immune defenses through the action of RXLR-type effector proteins. This research aims to characterize candidate RXLR effectors from P. belbahrii, focusing on their subcellular localization and immune-suppressive activity during infection. Using gateway cloning, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and agroinfiltration into Nicotiana benthamiana, we will express effector constructs to assess their impact on the plant's hypersensitive response and visualize their localization via confocal microscopy. These findings will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying P. belbahrii pathogenicity and inform the development of basil cultivars with improved resistance to BDM, supporting disease management strategies for sustainable basil production.
Mycorrhizal Functional Diversity Drives Divergent Growth Responses in the Grass Brachypodium distachyon
Presenter: Samantha Reisner
Faculty Sponsor: Rachel Hestrin
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 163 [C16]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form obligate symbioses with approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species, exchanging soil-derived nutrients for photosynthetically fixed carbon from their hosts. We hypothesize that differences in AMF life history strategy and morphology lead to distinct plant growth and resource allocation outcomes. To test this, we conducted a 15-week greenhouse experiment using the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, grown either without AMF or inoculated with one of two functionally distinct species: Rhizophagus irregularis or Gigaspora rosea. Plants were harvested at 9, 12, and 15 weeks to quantify above- and below-ground biomass and fungal colonization. Plants inoculated with R. irregularis developed significantly larger root systems than those inoculated with G. rosea, suggesting that there are species-specific effects on host growth. Preliminary microscopy indicates that R. irregularis also achieved higher root colonization levels. Ongoing analyses will quantify total colonization and the abundance of key fungal structures—including arbuscules, vesicles, spores, and hyphae—at each time point. Additional work examines whether morphological differences among AMF species are linked to patterns of plant carbon allocation and soil carbon dynamics. Collectively, this research advances our understanding of how functional diversity among AMF species shapes plant performance and ecosystem resource distribution.
Evaluating Measures of Serendipita Abundance to Understand Its Role in Plant Growth and Nutrition
Presenter: Raphael Moses Amsili
Faculty Sponsor: Rachel Hestrin
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 163 [C17]

The fungal endophyte Serendipita bescii forms mutualistic associations with a wide range of plants, including many agricultural crops. These symbioses enhance plant nutrition, growth, and stress tolerance. Our research focuses on quantifying the contribution of S. bescii to plant acquisition of nitrogen—a key macronutrient that frequently limits plant productivity in managed and natural systems. To trace nitrogen transfer from the fungus to its host plant, we grew plants with or without S. bescii in soil amended with 15N-enriched organic matter. To determine whether fungal colonization of soil and roots is positively associated with fungal nitrogen uptake and transfer to plants, we are quantifying fungal abundance through complementary molecular and microscopy-based approaches. We will develop a species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region unique to S. bescii, using a plasmid-based standard curve to relate ITS copy number to fungal biomass and DNA concentration. In parallel, we will quantify root colonization through microscopy. Together, these methods will provide a robust and accurate assessment of fungal abundance, thus allowing us to test whether greater S. bescii colonization is positively correlated with plant growth and nutrition. 


A Computational Pipeline for Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Fungal Mycelial Networks
Presenter: Cooper Richman
Faculty Sponsor: Sang Hyun Lee
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 163 [C19]

Accurate evaluation of fungal growth dynamics requires robust and quantitative image analysis methods. This project develops computational image-processing tools for the UMass Biofluids Lab to analyze timelapse microscopy of fungal mycelial growth. The pipeline will implement segmentation, skeletonization, and topological mapping algorithms to generate high-fidelity structural representations of fungal networks while preserving connectivity and branching architecture. From these processed images, the system will extract quantitative descriptors of network dynamics, including hyphal extension rate, tip growth directionality, branching frequency, junction density, and temporal structural evolution. By transforming complex timelapse microscopy image sets into dynamic growth quantities, this framework enables objective comparison across experimental conditions and supports data driven interpretation of fungal growth behavior.
Identifying the Endophytic Community of Cuscuta Campestris Without Host Plant Influence
Presenter: Aaron Ross Cashton
Faculty Sponsor: Ana Caicedo
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D1]

The genus, Cuscuta, consists of over 200 species of parasitic plants that lack leaves and roots and are distributed across the world. As a holoparasitic plant, Cuscuta species cannot carry out photosynthesis and wrap themselves around the host plant stem while absorbing nutrients via haustorial penetration. The species, Cuscuta campestris, also known as field dodder, is prevalent in New England, often found in swampland and disturbed areas. Most plant species associate with microbes that can provide services to the plants. Much of this interaction takes place in the rhizosphere, the root area, or the phyllosphere, the leaf area, both of which dodder lacks. Microbes, termed endophytes, can also exist within plant tissues. Recent studies have examined Cuscuta’s endophytic interactions to determine the transfer of microbes that may relate to the host plant's stress response and nutrient uptake during parasitization. To date, dodder’s native endophytic environment prior to parasitization or influence from soil has not been examined. In this study, we aim to characterize the endophytic community of Cuscuta campestris without the influence of hosts or soil. We germinated and surface sterilized 8 replicates of 40 C. campestris seedlings grown in sterile petri dishes for one week. Upon DNA extraction, we amplified and sequenced 16S ribosomal RNA genes to characterize the microbial data in C. campestris strands. Our results will provide a clearer understanding of what microbes are present in dodder seedlings prior to attachments to hosts and what role they may play in the growth and development of the parasite. 
Who Heal, The Healers? Mental Health Stigma as an Invisible Barrier Within Healthcare Culture
Presenter: Dachenie Ganthier
Faculty Sponsor: Jess Dillard-Wright
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D3]

Healthcare professionals experience disproportionately high rates of burnout, depression, and suicide compared to the general population. Despite their role in delivering care, many healthcare workers remain reluctant to seek mental health support for themselves. This paradox suggests the presence of systemic barriers within healthcare culture, particularly stigma surrounding mental health. Professional norms that emphasize resilience, self-sacrifice, and emotional endurance may discourage disclosure and limit engagement with mental health services. These barriers affect not only the well-being of healthcare workers but also the stability and effectiveness of healthcare systems. This study examines how mental health stigma within healthcare professions contributes to barriers to help-seeking among healthcare workers in the United States and considers the broader consequences for the healthcare system. A structured scientific literature review was conducted to synthesize recent empirical research on stigma and mental health among healthcare professionals. Peer-reviewed studies published within the past decade were identified through systematic searches of multiple academic databases using targeted keywords related to healthcare workers, mental health, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors. Studies were included if they examined healthcare professionals in the United States and addressed stigma or barriers to accessing mental health support.The literature was analyzed to identify recurring themes related to forms of stigma, institutional and cultural barriers to care, and the consequences for both healthcare workers and healthcare systems. Drawing on this evidence, the study also proposes policy and institutional recommendations aimed at reducing stigma, improving access to mental health resources, and strengthening support systems for healthcare professionals.

Functional Analysis of Calmodulin Binding Protein in Medicago truncatula Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Disruption
Presenter: Kristin D'souza
Faculty Sponsor: Dong Wang
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D4]

Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia represents a crucial biological process with significant agricultural and economic importance, enabling the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a usable form for plants. This highly regulated interaction relies on calcium-mediated signaling pathways. Although calcium oscillations are essential for nodule formation, the downstream proteins responsible for translating these signals into a developmental response remain poorly understood. This project investigates the role of the Calmodulin Binding Protein (CaMBP) in Medicago truncatula during legume-rhizobia symbiosis using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. CaMBP is hypothesized to function downstream of calcium signaling to regulate rhizobial infection and nodule development. 

To test this hypothesis, CRISPR/Cas9 constructs targeting CaMBP will be introduced into legume roots via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation, and successful edits will be confirmed through PCR-based genotyping. Following rhizobial inoculation, symbiotic phenotypes such as nodule formation and infection thread formation will be assessed. If CaMBP functions as a downstream effector of calcium signaling, loss-of-function mutants are expected to exhibit impaired infection thread formation and reduced or abnormal nodule development compared to control roots. By linking targeted gene disruption to measurable developmental phenotypes, this study aims to determine whether CaMBP is necessary to translate nuclear calcium oscillations into localized cellular responses required for successful nitrogen fixation. Clarifying the role of CaMBP in legume symbiosis would advance understanding of how calcium signaling regulates symbiotic development.
Can Spiders Count? Attention and Prey Quantity in Jumping Spiders
Presenter: Britney R. Lyons
Faculty Sponsor: Beth Jakob
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D5]

Numerical competence, the ability to judge quantity, supports important decisions such as choosing food, avoiding predators, and joining groups. Although documented in vertebrates, less is known about how small-brained predators use numbers in hunting or how attention limits this skill. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) must integrate information from eight eyes, making them well-suited to test how quantity and distraction interact. In Experiment 1, we test whether spiders use prey group size to guide foraging. Spiders (N=40) choose between groups of crickets trapped behind transparent barriers and differing in number (1,2,4, and 8, in pairwise comparisons). We predict that spiders will orient towards larger groups because motion attracts their attention, but attack smaller groups because individual prey are easier to track. In Experiment 2, spiders (N=30) are placed in the same arena with cricket groups of different sizes (1, 2, or 4). Half of the spiders have their posterior lateral eye masked to reduce the detection of distracting movement. We hypothesize that spiders are distracted in larger groups of prey because movement behind them interrupts their predatory approach. We predict that unmasked spiders will be interrupted in their attacks more frequently with larger groups of prey, and that masked spiders will be interrupted in their attacks less often than unmasked spiders. These findings will clarify how invertebrate visual systems process quantity and how attention shapes numerical decision-making in natural environments.

Assessing the Ecological Value of Cultivars and Wild-Type Native Species in Home Gardens
Presenter: Michael Sokha Herrick
Faculty Sponsor: Bethany A. Bradley
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D6]

Gardening with native plants is widely considered to be the optimal solution for supporting local ecosystems, especially by preventing the spread of invasive species. However, when consumers purchase native plants they typically encounter cultivars, which are plants that have been cultivated and bred for specific traits. Nativars are cultivars of native plants. The ecological value of nativars is unknown, and may not be as sustainable as their wild-type counterparts. In this study we perform a literature review to compare the ability of nativar and wild-type species to support local ecosystems. We include papers which study a direct biotic interaction between native species and their cultivars with other organisms such as bees or butterflies. We use the data collected from these papers to identify not only the viability of nativars with various cultivated traits to support local ecosystems, but also to find gaps in the research being conducted to inform future research directions. We have collected data from 16 studies conducted on over 50 different wild-type/nativar pairings, and have identified trait changes. These include traits like leaf color, size, and flower color. While the topic as a whole is understudied, we have identified several research gaps. For example, the current research is largely concentrated in Europe and the United States, and predominantly studies pollinator visitation. This research will grant us preliminary data on the sustainability of nativars, as well as inform future research directions to fill the gaps. This will give researchers and consumers alike more information on sustainable gardening.
Developing a Tetracycline-regulated MS2-Tet Aptamer for the Temporal Control of RNA-RBP Interactions
Presenter: Jake William Rosen
Faculty Sponsor: Jiahui (Chris) Wu
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D7]

RNA–binding proteins (RBPs) are major regulators of RNA metabolism. Upon binding to RNA, RBPs influence RNA stability, translation, splicing, localization, and their assemblies. Conventional approach to control RNA function typically relies on tethering exogenously expressed RBPs to reporter RNAs and measuring resulting phenotypic changes. However, this strategy is limited by overexpression artifacts of RBPs, which can activate cellular stress responses and disrupt endogenous RBP function. In addition, the constitutive nature of these interactions eliminates temporal control, making it difficult to study the dynamic and transient interaction of RNA–RBP in living cells. To overcome these limitations, we recently developed an RNA–regulated destabilization domain system (MS2–mDeg) that selectively stabilizes RBPs only when bound to MS2–containing RNAs, thereby minimizing overexpression artifacts. Despite this advantage, the MS2–mDeg system lacks temporal control, as RNA–RBP interactions remain constitutive. To overcome this limitation, we are developing a small–molecule–regulated platform that enables temporal control of RNA–RBP interactions and RNA metabolism. In this design, an unfolded MS2 aptamer is fused to the P1 stem of a tetracycline–binding RNA aptamer, and RBPs are recruited via mDeg tag. In the absence of tetracycline, the mDeg–tagged RBP undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation, preventing RBP accumulation. However, upon tetracycline addition, the tetracycline–binding aptamer folds, triggering an allosteric conformational change that promotes proper folding of the MS2 aptamer. This folded MS2 aptamer then binds and stabilizes the mDeg–tagged RBP. Together, this platform enables precise, small–molecule regulation of RNA–RBP interactions and provides a powerful tool for studying RNA fate and function in gene expression and disease contexts.

 

Flocking with Family? Relatedness and Association in Black-Capped Chickadees
Presenter: Jason Gehring
Faculty Sponsor: Maria Stager
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D8]

Large gaps exist in our knowledge of bird social structures, such as who flocks with who? Genetic testing enables determination of relatedness within flocks, allowing us to see the family structures of birds more clearly. My study will characterize genetic relatedness to shed light on the complex social structure of the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus). It is believed that Black-capped Chickadees form stable winter flocks of unrelated birds. However, the lack of within-flock relatedness has not been confirmed with genetic analysis. My study will be the first of its kind to answer this question using molecular approaches and automated recording devices to track visits to bird feeders on UMass Amherst's campus. First, I will generate a social network of 80 marked birds based on their associations at the feeders and use a walktrap algorithm to sort chickadees into discrete flocks. Then I will characterize four microsatellite loci (a repeated sequence of DNA that varies in length among individuals) for each chickadee and use the microsatellite lengths to determine relatedness among chickadees. Finally, with both the relatedness and association data, I will determine whether chickadees are more likely to be related to their flock mates than they are to individuals in other flocks. Overall, this study will help determine if family ties keep chickadee groups together, or if unrelated chickadees need to band together in order to survive.

The Relationship Between Autoimmune Disease and Psychological Stress
Presenter: Kaycie Koenig
Faculty Sponsor: Achsah Dorsey
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D9]

Psychological stress is a significant risk factor not only for the development but also the exacerbation of autoimmune disease (AD). While the exact mechanisms for this relationship are unknown, chronic stress suppresses immune function due to prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol levels and increased inflammation.  Biological sex, gender, age, and lifestyle habits all influence AD onset and symptom severity. My project investigates the relationship between psychosocial stress and AD in a longitudinal study. I followed a cohort of 25 participants, all of whom had been diagnosed with at least one AD, for 14 weeks. Each week, participants responded to online questionnaires about their perceived psychological stress, autoimmune symptom severity, diet, and exercise habits. I assessed stress via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and symptom severity via a Likert scale (0 to 5) for 20 common AD symptoms. Preliminary data suggest that reported psychological stress is associated with more severe AD symptoms (rho: 0.24, p-value: 0.05). Participants with a dermatologic AD (e.g., Psoriasis and Vitiligo) had the strongest correlation between psychological stress and symptom severity, and those with gastrointestinal AD disease (e.g., Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) had the weakest correlation. Although the cohort size in this study was small, my findings demonstrate that the association between stress and symptom severity differs depending on the type of AD. This work contributes to the growing literature on psychological stress and autoimmunity.

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Marsh Mammal Madness: Detecting Invasive and Elusive Mammals in Western Massachusetts
Presenter: Ellen Chan
Faculty Sponsor: Todd Richard Disotell
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D10]

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods streamline elusive species monitoring and invasive species management. This study focuses on the elusive American water shrew (Sorex palustris) and the invasive nutria (Myocastor coypus). Massachusetts designates S. palustris as a species of Special Concern threatened by rocky stream habitat degradation. Meanwhile, M. coypus populations may migrate towards the warming Northeast, gorging on vegetation that prevents soil erosion along coastal marshes. Given that both species are of concern and are difficult to detect with conventional methods such as camera traps, they merit eDNA monitoring. Assuming that both species are absent in western Massachusetts, we predict that eDNA samples (e.g. soil, water, and blood-fed mosquitoes) via qPCR will detect their presence. For data collection, we visited private and public properties across western Massachusetts to collect soil samples from animal burrows, blood-fed mosquitoes from gravid and resting mosquito traps, and water samples from rivers. We then extracted DNA from  each sample, with S. palustris and M. coypus tissue as positive controls, following Qiagen's DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit and DNeasy PowerMax soil kit protocols. We then used qPCR with S. palustris and M. coypus primers, and PCR with universal barcoded 12S vertebrate and mammal primers. The detection of either species would validate eDNA as a non-invasive and accessible method for biodiversity monitoring.

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Population Status and Threats to Lions in the Amboseli Ecosystem: Health Indicators, Pride Identification, and Anthropogenic Pressures
Presenter: Alena Thalput
Group Members: Ethan Lieman
Faculty Sponsor: John Warui Kiringe
School: UMass Amherst
Research Area: Biology
Location: Poster Session 6, 4:15 PM - 5:00 PM: Room 165 [D11]

The purpose of this study was to assess the status of lions and their prides and evaluate the key threats facing lions within Kenya's Amboseli ecosystem. Key methods used were photographing individual lions and determining representative biometric features for accurate individual identification. For each lion, sex, age, body condition, and level of scarring were determined. Key-informant interviews were conducted to evaluate the severity, irreversibility, and trends of the five major threats facing lions in the region. Across four prides and one male coalition, 33 lions were identified. The population showed a mostly adult age structure with a strong cohort of 2-4-year-old sub-adults and a balanced 1:1 sex ratio. All lions exhibited healthy body conditions. Pride sizes were small but stable and healthy, with a low extinction risk. Human disturbance effects on body condition and scarring were inconclusive, though level of scarring significantly increased with age and was higher in males. Interviews identified habitat loss and conversion as the most severe threat to lions, with disease ranked least severe. Land-use change emerged as the most frequently mentioned driver of the major threats. The threats facing lions can be mitigated by land use planning, policy, and enforcement, coupled with the use of effective lion-human conflict mitigation strategies to reduce the effects of the threats. The findings of this study will allow conservation managers and stakeholders to make informed decisions about protecting lions more effectively.